Nail anatomy
Nail anatomy
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.06.006
复制
发表时间：
2013-09-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
de Berker, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Berker, David
指甲单元包括指甲板、周围的软组织及其以远端指骨为基础的血管和神经。甲板是一种层状角化结构，位于指甲基质(15%-25%)上，甲床上有远端甲真皮带(75%-85%)，下甲骨在其自由边缘。矩阵的远端部分，即以半月形状为特征的新月，可以在一些数字中观察到。钉板由近侧和侧方褶皱嵌入。从近端甲皱开始，角质层(也称为上甲膜)附着在近端指甲板的表面。指甲单元具有复杂而丰富的血管网络，以确保充足的血液供应。最后，指甲周围软组织和甲皱均得到神经支配。这些组织的形状、结构和相互关系是指甲呈现疾病的方式以及我们如何理解和管理这些疾病的因素。特别是，对外科解剖的了解对于那些在指甲上进行诊断性或治疗性手术的人来说是重要的。有了这些知识，就可以计划最合适的手术，并为患者提供准确和明确的指导，以实现知情同意。(C)Elsevier Inc.出版的2013年。
The nail unit comprises the nail plate, the surrounding soft tissues, and their vasculature and innervation based upon the distal phalanx. The nail plate is a laminated keratinized structure lying on the nail matrix (15-25%), the nail bed with its distal onychodermal band (75-85%), and the hyponychium at its free edge. The distal part of the matrix, the lunula characterized by its half-moon shape, can be observed in some digits. The nail plate is embedded by the proximal and lateral folds. From the proximal nail fold, the cuticle (also known as the eponychium), adheres to the superficial surface of the proximal nail plate. The nail unit possesses a complex and abundant vascular network to ensure adequate blood supply. Finally, both the periungual soft tissues and the nail folds are innervated. The shapes, structure, and inter-relationships of these tissues are factors in the way nails present with disease and how we understand and manage those diseases. In particular, an understanding of the surgical anatomy is important for those undertaking diagnostic or curative operations on the nail. With this knowledge, the most appropriate surgery can be planned and the patient can be provided with accurate and clear guidance to enable informed consent. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc.