ER stress, autophagy, and RNA viruses.

ER stress, autophagy, and RNA viruses.
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DOI:
10.3389/fmicb.2014.00388
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Horng JT
Horng JT
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jheng JR;Ho JY;Horng JT

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内质网(ER)应激是一个通用术语,代表各种刺激影响ER功能的途径。内质网应激诱导进化上保守的信号传导途径,称为未折叠蛋白反应(UPR),其损害刺激,然后决定细胞存活或死亡。近年来,正在进行的研究表明,这些途径可能与自噬反应有关,自噬反应在细胞对各种压力源的反应中起着关键作用。自噬执行自我消化功能,其激活保护细胞免受某些病原体的侵害。然而,UPR和自噬之间的联系可能更加复杂。这两个系统可能相互依赖,或者一个系统的感应可能会干扰另一个系统。实验研究发现,不同的病毒会调节这些机制,使它们能够逃避宿主的免疫反应,或者更糟糕的是,利用宿主的防御来为自己谋利;因此,该主题是抗病毒研究中的一个关键领域。本文综述了RNA病毒(包括流感病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、柯萨奇病毒、肠道病毒71型、日本脑炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒和登革病毒)如何调控这些过程。我们还讨论了最近的发现,以及这些将如何产生新的抗病毒治疗策略。
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a general term for representing the pathway by which various stimuli affect ER functions. ER stress induces the evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways, called the unfolded protein response (UPR), which compromises the stimulus and then determines whether the cell survives or dies. In recent years, ongoing research has suggested that these pathways may be linked to the autophagic response, which plays a key role in the cell's response to various stressors. Autophagy performs a self-digestion function, and its activation protects cells against certain pathogens. However, the link between the UPR and autophagy may be more complicated. These two systems may act dependently, or the induction of one system may interfere with the other. Experimental studies have found that different viruses modulate these mechanisms to allow them to escape the host immune response or, worse, to exploit the host's defense to their advantage; thus, this topic is a critical area in antiviral research. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about how RNA viruses, including influenza virus, poliovirus, coxsackievirus, enterovirus 71, Japanese encephalitis virus, hepatitis C virus, and dengue virus, regulate these processes. We also discuss recent discoveries and how these will produce novel strategies for antiviral treatment.
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