Hawking Radiation in the Laboratory
Hawking Radiation in the Laboratory
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实验室中的霍金辐射
DOI：
10.1143/ptp.107.1267
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Ōhashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Sakagami;A. Ōhashi
我们提出了一个实验模型，使用拉瓦尔喷嘴的霍金辐射的声音模拟。我们推导出的功率谱的出射波从附近的声波视界，而不是创建的粒子数。我们的处理是基于经典理论，它应该使实验更容易实现。这种实验可行性是我们模型的一大优势。黑洞蒸发，即所谓的霍金辐射，是理论物理学中最令人惊讶的预测之一。1），2）尽管霍金辐射很重要，但它在宇宙中的实际观测被认为是非常困难的。出于这个原因，在实验室中寻找能够模拟这种有趣现象的实验似乎是很自然的。此外，Unruh还证明了黑洞的声音类似物。我们推测，在这些类似结构的蒸发中可能会观察到类似霍金辐射的东西。3)4）当然，黑洞蒸发是一种量子现象。因此，在相应的实验室实验的情况下，我们应该保持整个系统的量子相干性，以观察粒子产生的过程和由视界的存在引起的真空的变化。考虑到这一点，已经提出了几个使用超流体3 He的实验。5)6）然而，这种流体沿着装置壁的超音速运动将导致超流性和量子相干性的崩溃，因为边界附近可能会产生涡旋。此外，即使在为克服这一问题而设计的实验系统中，也没有发现霍金辐射的证据。
We propose an experimental model using the Laval nozzle of a sonic analogue of Hawking radiation. We derive the power spectrum of the outgoing wave emitted from the vicinity of the sonic horizon instead of the created particle number. Our treatment is based on classical theory, and it should make experiments easier to implement. This experimental feasibility is a great advantage of our model. Black hole evaporation, so-called Hawking radiation, is one of the most surprising predictions in theoretical physics. 1), 2) Despite the importance of Hawking radiation, its actual observation in the universe is considered to be very difficult. For this reason, it seems quite natural to seek experiments in the laboratory that can simulate this interesting phenomenon. In addition, Unruh showed that there exists a sonic analogue of black holes. We speculate that something like Hawking radiation may be observed in the evaporation of these analogous structures. 3) 4) Of course, black hole evaporation is a quantum phenomenon. Thus, in the case of the corresponding laboratory experiments, we should maintain the quantum coherence of the entire system to observe processes of particle creation and changes of vacuum caused by the existence of the horizon. With this in mind, several experiments employing superfluid 3 He have been proposed. 5) 6) However, the supersonic motion of this fluid along the walls of the apparatus would cause the collapse of superfluidity and quantum coherence, because vortices may be created near the boundaries. Additionally, even in the an experimental system 6) designed to overcome this problem, no evidence of Hawking radiation has yet been reported.