Debunking: A Meta-Analysis of the Psychological Efficacy of Messages Countering Misinformation
Debunking: A Meta-Analysis of the Psychological Efficacy of Messages Countering Misinformation
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DOI：
10.1177/0956797617714579
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发表时间：
2017-11-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Albarracin, Dolores
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chan, Man-pui Sally;Jones, Christopher R.;Albarracin, Dolores
本荟萃分析调查了有效信息的潜在因素，以对抗基于错误信息的态度和信念。由于错误信息可能导致对重大问题的错误决策，并且持续存在且难以纠正，因此揭穿错误信息是一项重要的科学和公共政策目标。本荟萃分析（k = 52, N = 6,878）显示，呈现错误信息（ds = 2.41-3.08）、揭穿错误信息（ds = 1.14-1.33）和面对揭穿错误信息时的持续错误信息（ds = 0.75-1.06）有很大的影响。当受众为最初的错误信息提供理由支持时，持久性更强，揭穿效果更弱。详细的揭穿信息与揭穿效果正相关。然而，令人惊讶的是，详细的揭穿信息也与错误信息持久性效应呈正相关。
This meta-analysis investigated the factors underlying effective messages to counter attitudes and beliefs based on misinformation. Because misinformation can lead to poor decisions about consequential matters and is persistent and difficult to correct, debunking it is an important scientific and public-policy goal. This meta-analysis (k = 52, N = 6,878) revealed large effects for presenting misinformation (ds = 2.41-3.08), debunking (ds = 1.14-1.33), and the persistence of misinformation in the face of debunking (ds = 0.75-1.06). Persistence was stronger and the debunking effect was weaker when audiences generated reasons in support of the initial misinformation. A detailed debunking message correlated positively with the debunking effect. Surprisingly, however, a detailed debunking message also correlated positively with the misinformation-persistence effect.