How do people perceive the disclosure risk of maps? Examining the perceived disclosure risk of maps and its implications for geoprivacy protection
How do people perceive the disclosure risk of maps? Examining the perceived disclosure risk of maps and its implications for geoprivacy protection
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/15230406.2020.1794976
复制
发表时间：
2020-08-25
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Richardson, Douglas B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kim, Junghwan;Kwan, Mei-Po;Richardson, Douglas B.
本研究使用 856 名参与者的在线调查中收集的原始数据，研究人们如何主观地看待地图的披露风险。结果表明，感知的泄露风险随着地图上显示的位置信息量的增加而增加。与基于点的地图相比，核密度图、凸包图和标准差椭圆图的感知披露风险明显较低。结果还显示，感知的泄露风险受到地图比例和地图上其他人信息的存在的影响。对于地理掩蔽方法，感知的泄露风险随着聚合级别的增加和重新定位距离的增加而降低。然而，与重定位方法（点到点）相比，聚合方法（点到多边形）在防止个体重新识别方面更有效。最后，显示社会弱势群体的地图的感知披露风险明显高于显示非弱势群体的地图。具体来说，显示小学生私人位置的地图具有最高的感知泄露风险。根据研究结果，提出了一套地理隐私保护指南，用于绘制人们的私人位置，以最大限度地减少人们感知的泄露风险。还讨论了绘制 COVID-19 等传染病地图的意义。
This research examines how people subjectively perceive the disclosure risk of a map using original data collected in an online survey with 856 participants. The results indicate that perceived disclosure risk increases as the amount of locational information displayed on a map increases. Compared to point-based maps, perceived disclosure risk is significantly lower for kernel density maps, convex hull maps, and standard deviational ellipse maps. The results also revealed that perceived disclosure risk is affected by map scale and the presence of information of other people on a map. For geomasking methods, perceived disclosure risk decreases as aggregation level increases and as relocation distance increases. However, aggregation methods (point to polygon) are more effective in preventing the re-identification of individuals when compared to relocation methods (point to point). Lastly, the perceived disclosure risk of a map that displays socially-vulnerable people is significantly higher than that of a map that displays non-vulnerable groups. Specifically, a map displaying the private locations of elementary school students has the highest perceived disclosure risk. Based on the results, a set of geoprivacy protection guidelines for mapping people's private locations to minimize people's perceived disclosure risk is proposed. Implications for mapping infectious diseases like the COVID-19 are also discussed.