The role of lifestyle in health: The epidemiology and consequences of inactivity
The role of lifestyle in health: The epidemiology and consequences of inactivity
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DOI：
10.1079/pns19960082
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发表时间：
1996-11-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Dietz, WH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dietz, WH
“久坐活动”是一个矛盾修辞法。“不活动”是描述久坐行为所花费时间的更合适术语。不活动可以定义为身体运动最少的状态。就能量消耗而言，不活动代表能量消耗接近静息代谢率的状态或行为。然而，将不活动视为一种行为而不是对久坐活动所消耗的能量进行研究，可能会为导致肥胖或其他疾病的因素提供更丰富的评估。不活跃行为包括看电视、阅读、在电脑前工作、与朋友交谈或打电话、开车或通勤、冥想或饮食（Ainsworth 等，1993）。历史上，人们一直在努力量化活动，确定活动估计的有效性和可靠性，并确定活动对发病率和死亡率的影响。缺乏活动的量化以及对缺乏活动造成的发病率和死亡率的评估受到的关注要少得多。由于不活动通常被视为连续活动的一部分，因此大多数不活动的影响必须从活动研究中推断出来。尽管如此，不活动对健康的不利影响可能与剧烈活动对健康的有益影响一样重要。在本简短回顾中，我们将研究证据表明不活动对健康的影响与活动的影响无关。然后，我们将探讨与不活动相关的发病率和死亡率、不活动的流行病学以及改变建议。
‘Sedentary activity’constitutes an oxymoron.‘Inactivity’is a more appropriate term to describe the time spent in sedentary behaviours. Inactivity can be defined as a state in which bodily movement is minimal. In terms of energy expenditure, inactivity represents a state or behaviour for which energy expenditure approximates resting metabolic rate. However, the study of inactivity as a behaviour rather than an account of the energy spent in sedentary pursuits may offer a richer assessment of factors that contribute to obesity or other diseases. Inactive behaviours include television viewing, reading, working at a computer, talking with friends or on the telephone, driving a car or commuting, meditation or eating (Ainsworth et al. 1993).Historically, efforts have been made to quantify activity, to determine the validity and reliability of estimates of activity, and to determine the effects of activity on morbidity and mortality. The quantification of inactivity, and the assessment of the morbidity and mortality attributable to inactivity have received far less attention. Because inactivity has generally been viewed as part of a continuum of activity, most of the effects of inactivity must be inferred from studies of activity. Nonetheless, the adverse health effects of inactivity may be as significant as the beneficial health effects of vigorous activity. In the present brief review, we will examine the evidence that inactivity exerts effects on health that are independent of the effects of activity. We will then explore the morbidity and mortality associated with inactivity, the epidemiology of inactivity, and recommendations for change.