Classification of Cultivated Soils in Japan
Classification of Cultivated Soils in Japan
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日本耕地的分类
DOI：
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发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
0.4
通讯作者：
Y. Amano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Amano
关于耕地土壤分类的一些描述见于S。土井早在17世纪世纪的江户时代。然而，M. Fesca等人，始于1882年的日本土壤调查，似乎是日本系统土壤调查的序幕。自第一张土壤图出版以来，世纪已经过去了8，22>。到1920年，这项调查已经覆盖了日本80%的地区。它非常强调母质的性质，阿索等人6>提出的调查方法部分继承了这一点，而后继土壤学家0，14 l则渴望将成土因素和形态反映到土壤分类中。后来，吸收土壤科学的进步，农林省和县当局从1953年1月1日起为施肥改进计划进行了土壤调查，从1959年3月起为土壤保持项目进行了土壤调查。到1975年为止，这些调查覆盖了500万公顷，占耕地面积的85%，土壤图的比例尺为1比5万。一些数据在土壤图中以100万到200万的比例尺进行了整理。13 >在调查中使用了大量的当地土壤系列。土壤图使用者越来越需要这些土壤系列之间的相互关系。目前的分类系统11，1 - 1已准备好响应这一请求。在上述背景下，分类的对象既不是农业以外的土壤，也不是国外的土壤，而是日本的耕作土壤。11>森林土壤有另一种分类系统。10>土壤性质反映了遗传因素的综合影响。然而，这些因素或土壤形成过程本身并不适合用作差异。对于土壤之间的区分，使用可以在现场观察和测量的形态特征或特性。这使得许多土壤科学家采用的分类更加统一。
Some descriptions on the classification of arable soils are found in a textbook for agricultural practices written by S. Doi early in the 17th century in the Edo period. However, the work of M. Fesca et al., started in 1882, seems to have been the prolog to systematic soil-surveys in Japan. A century has elapsed since the first soil map8 ,22> was published. The survey had covered about eighty percent of Japan by 1920. It laid much emphasis on nature of parent materials, from which survey methods proposed by Aso et al.6> were partly inherited, whereas succeeding pedologists0 , 14l were eager to reflect soil-forming factors and morphology to soil classification. Later, assimilating progress in soil science, a soil survey for the Fertilization-Improvement Program from 1953, 1,ijJ and a soil survey for the Soil Conservation Project from 19593> were carried out by Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, and prefectural authorities. The surveys had covered five-million hectares, or eighty-five percent of the cultivated land with the soil maps at a scale of one to fifty thousand until 1975. Some of the data were condenced in a soil map at a scale of one to two-million. 13 > A large number of local soil series were being used through the surveys. Necessity for the correlation among these soil series has been increasing among soil-map users. The current classification system 11,1-"l has been prepared to answer to the request. On the above-mentioned background, the objects of the classification are neither soils outside the agriculture nor soils in foreign countries but cultivated soils in J apan.11> Forest soils have another classification system.10> Soil properties reflect combined effects of genetic factors. However, these factors or soil-forming processes themselves are not suitable for use as differentiae. For the differentiation between soils are used morphological features or properties ·which can be observed and measured in the field. This permits greater uniformity to the classification as applied by a number of soil scientists.