Socioeconomic disparities in self-rated health in two East Asian countries: Comparative study between Japan and Korea
Socioeconomic disparities in self-rated health in two East Asian countries: Comparative study between Japan and Korea
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112945
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发表时间：
2020-05-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Kawachi, Ichiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kino, Shiho;Jang, Soong-nang;Kawachi, Ichiro
尽管日本和韩国有许多共同点，但社会保障制度却截然不同。我们选择比较这两个国家之间自评健康的社会经济差异。分析样本包括来自日本（生活条件综合调查）和韩国（韩国社区健康调查）全国代表性调查的 20 岁及以上人群。作为社会经济地位，我们使用收入（家庭年收入的五分位数）和教育（五个类别）。我们使用两个指数来衡量社会经济不平等：每个国家每个年龄组的不平等斜率指数 (SII) 和不平等相对指数 (RII)。在日本，我们发现生命历程中自评健康方面社会经济不平等的证据相对较少，无论是绝对规模还是相对规模。在韩国，与其他年龄组相比，自评健康状况不佳的 SII 评估的绝对不平等在中老年组中更高，而通过 RII 测量的相对不平等在年轻年龄组中显着更高。日本对老一辈的福利制度更为慷慨，与韩国相比，健康不平等相对较低。韩国人民健康状况的差距表明社会政策未来可能会努力方向：(a) 通过解决标准工人和非标准工人之间的差距来减少工作年龄人口的不平等； (b) 通过加强社会保障体系改善老年人的经济状况。
Although Japan and South Korea share a number of commonalities, social security systems are very different. We opt to compare socioeconomic disparities in self-rated health between these two countries. The analytic sample included those aged 20 years and older from the nationally representative surveys in Japan (Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions) and South Korea (Korean Community Health Survey). As socioeconomic status, we used income (quintiles of equivalized annual household income) and education (five categories). We measured socioeconomic inequalities using two indices; the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and the Relative Index of Inequality (RII), in each age group for each country. In Japan, we found relatively little evidence of socioeconomic inequalities in self-rated health over the life course, on either the absolute or relative scale. In Korea, the absolute inequality assessed by SII of self-rated poor health was higher in middle and old age groups compared to other age groups, while relative inequality measured by RII was significantly higher in younger ages. In Japan with more generous welfare system to the older generations, health inequality was relatively lower compared to Korea. The gaps in health status for Korean people suggest where social policy might direct their efforts in the future - (a) reducing inequalities in working-age people by addressing the gap between standard workers & non-standard workers; and (b) improving the financial conditions of older people by shoring up the social security system.