Pulmonary Effects of Maternal Smoking on the Fetus and Child: Effects on Lung Development, Respiratory Morbidities, and Life Long Lung Health.
Pulmonary Effects of Maternal Smoking on the Fetus and Child: Effects on Lung Development, Respiratory Morbidities, and Life Long Lung Health.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.prrv.2016.08.005
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发表时间：
2017-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Spindel ER
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McEvoy CT;Spindel ER
母亲在怀孕期间吸烟是子宫内肺发育异常的最大可预防原因。尽管存在众所周知的风险，但在过去十年中，怀孕期间吸烟的比例仅略有下降，全球范围内的吸烟率从 5% 到 40% 不等，导致数千万胎儿吸烟。尽管有多种戒烟方法，但约 50% 的吸烟者仍会在怀孕期间继续吸烟。母亲基因型对于怀孕期间继续吸烟的可能性以及母亲吸烟对胎儿的影响程度起着重要作用。母亲吸烟对后代肺功能和健康的主要影响是用力呼气流量减少、被动呼吸顺应性降低、呼吸道感染住院率增加以及儿童喘息和哮喘患病率增加。尼古丁似乎是烟草烟雾中影响肺部发育的主要成分，补充维生素 C 可以预防孕妇吸烟对肺部发育的一些影响。由于尼古丁是影响肺部发育的关键因素，因此怀孕期间使用电子烟可能与孕妇吸烟一样对胎儿肺部发育造成危险。
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is the largest preventable cause of abnormal in-utero lung development. Despite well known risks, rates of smoking during pregnancy have only slightly decreased over the last ten years, with rates varying from 5-40% worldwide resulting in tens of millions of fetal exposures. Despite multiple approaches to smoking cessation about 50% of smokers will continue to smoke during pregnancy. Maternal genotype plays an important role in the likelihood of continued smoking during pregnancy and the degree to which maternal smoking will affect the fetus. The primary effects of maternal smoking on offspring lung function and health are decreases in forced expiratory flows, decreased passive respiratory compliance, increased hospitalization for respiratory infections, and an increased prevalence of childhood wheeze and asthma. Nicotine appears to be the responsible component of tobacco smoke that affects lung development, and some of the effects of maternal smoking on lung development can be prevented by supplemental vitamin C. Because nicotine is the key agent for affecting lung development, e-cigarette usage during pregnancy is likely to be as dangerous to fetal lung development as is maternal smoking.