Item-specific processing reduces false memories
Item-specific processing reduces false memories
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03196739
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发表时间：
2004-12-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Smith, AD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McCabe, DP;Presmanes, AG;Smith, AD
我们在两个使用DRM范式的实验中检查了特定于项目和关系编码指令对错误识别的影响（Deese，1959; Roediger & McDermott，1995）。编码类型（项目特定的或关系）之间的实验1和实验2中的受试者内操纵。基于决策的解释（例如，独特性启发式）预测在受试者间设计中错误识别的减少，但在受试者内设计中没有，因为它们被概念化为决策标准的全局变化。基于记忆的解释预测减少错误识别在这两个设计中，由于增强的回忆项目的具体细节。在这两个实验中，错误识别减少以下项目特定的编码指令，有利于基于记忆的解释。这些结果表明，提供独特的线索，检索个别研究项目的结果，在这些研究项目和关键诱饵之间的歧视增强。相反，提高研究项目的相似性会导致特定列表主题中项目之间的区分度较差。这些结果在项目特定/关系框架（Hunt & McDaniel，1993）中进行了讨论。
We examined the effect of item-specific and relational encoding instructions on false recognition in two experiments in which the DRM paradigm was used (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995). Type of encoding (item-specific or relational) was manipulated between subjects in Experiment 1 and within subjects in Experiment 2. Decision-based explanations (e.g., the distinctiveness heuristic) predict reductions in false recognition in between-subjects designs, but not in within-subjects designs, because they are conceptualized as global shifts in decision criteria. Memory-based explanations predict reductions in false recognition in both designs, resulting from enhanced recollection of item-specific details. False recognition was reduced following item-specific encoding instructions in both experiments, favoring a memory-based explanation. These results suggest that providing unique cues for the retrieval of individual studied items results in enhanced discrimination between those studied items and critical lures. Conversely, enhancing the similarity of studied items results in poor discrimination among items within a particular list theme. These results are discussed in terms of the item-specific/ relational framework (Hunt & McDaniel, 1993).