Increased activation of the fear neurocircuitry in children exposed to violence.
Increased activation of the fear neurocircuitry in children exposed to violence.
复制标题
遭受暴力的儿童的恐惧神经回路的激活增加。
DOI：
10.1002/da.22994
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Jovanovic,Tanja
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
vanRooij,SanneJH;Smith,RyanD;Stenson,AnaïsF;Ely,TimothyD;Yang,Xinyi;Tottenham,Nim;Stevens,JenniferS;Jovanovic,Tanja
大多数调查儿童创伤对大脑影响的研究都是回顾性的，主要集中在虐待上，而不同类型的创伤暴露，如在暴力社区长大，以及发育阶段，可能对大脑结构和功能产生不同的影响。目前的磁共振成像研究广泛评估了创伤暴露和暴力暴露的影响，以及8至14岁儿童和青少年（N= 69）的恐惧神经回路的发育阶段。我们观察到随着创伤暴露水平的增加，海马体体积减少，杏仁核体积增加。第二，在情绪反应抑制过程中，更高水平的暴力暴露与杏仁核、海马体和腹内侧前额叶皮层的激活增加有关。这种关联特别在10岁以下的儿童中观察到。最后，杏仁核和脑干之间功能连接的增加与更高水平的暴力暴露有关。根据目前的研究结果，可以假设，童年时期的创伤暴露会导致结构性变化，这些变化与以后患精神疾病的风险有关。与此同时，可以假设，在不安全的环境中长大会导致大脑在功能上适应这种情况，从而促进生存，而这些适应的长期成本或后果在很大程度上是未知的，这是未来研究的一个领域。
Most studies investigating the effect of childhood trauma on the brain are retrospective and mainly focus on maltreatment, whereas different types of trauma exposure such as growing up in a violent neighborhood, as well as developmental stage, could have differential effects on brain structure and function. The current magnetic resonance imaging study assessed the effect of trauma exposure broadly and violence exposure more specifically, as well as developmental stage on the fear neurocircuitry in 8‐ to 14‐year‐old children and adolescents (N= 69). We observed reduced hippocampal and increased amygdala volume with increasing levels of trauma exposure. Second, higher levels of violence exposure were associated with increased activation in the amygdala, hippocampus, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex during emotional response inhibition. This association was specifically observed in children younger than 10 years. Finally, increased functional connectivity between the amygdala and brainstem was associated with higher levels of violence exposure. Based on the current findings, it could be hypothesized that trauma exposure during childhood results in structural changes that are associated with later risk for psychiatric disorders. At the same time, it could be postulated that growing up in an unsafe environment leads the brain to functionally adapt to this situation in a way that promotes survival, where the long‐term costs or consequences of these adaptations are largely unknown and an area for future investigations.