Archaeal biofilms: widespread and complex
Archaeal biofilms: widespread and complex
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DOI：
10.1042/bst20120304
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发表时间：
2013-02-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Froels, Sabrina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Froels, Sabrina
生物膜或多细胞结构被认为是自然界中占主导地位的微生物生活方式，但在过去，它们只在细菌中被广泛研究。对古细菌单种培养物的研究表明，许多古细菌能够附着在生物和非生物表面，形成复杂的生物膜结构。在广泛的极端和温和的环境中确定了生物膜形成古菌。自然界生物膜大多是由不同丰度的古菌和细菌组成的混合群落。在这种混合群落中发现的古菌的生理功能表明，它们对维持地球上营养物质流动和再循环的生化循环产生了重大影响。因此，研究古细菌生物膜形成的特征和机制具有重要意义。本文综述了近年来对古细菌生物膜形成的研究进展，包括古细菌在单种或混合群落中的生物膜结构、已鉴定的EPS（胞外聚合物），介导表面粘附或细胞-细胞连接的古细菌结构，以及对物理和化学胁迫的反应，暗示古细菌生物膜的形成是对环境变化的适应性反应条件第一次深入了解古细菌生物膜内的细胞的分子分化。
Biofilms or multicellular structures become accepted as the dominant microbial lifestyle in Nature, but in the past they were only studied extensively in bacteria. Investigations on archaeal monospecies cultures have shown that many archaeal species are able to adhere on biotic and abiotic surfaces and form complex biofilm structures. Biofilm-forming archaea were identified in a broad range of extreme and moderate environments. Natural biofilms observed are mostly mixed communities composed of archaeal and bacterial species of various abundances. The physiological functions of the archaea identified in such mixed communities suggest a significant impact on the biochemical cycles maintaining the flow and recycling of the nutrients on earth. Therefore it is of high interest to investigate the characteristics and mechanisms underlying the archaeal biofilm formation. In the present review, I summarize and discuss the present investigations of biofilm-forming archaeal species, i.e. their diverse biofilm architectures in monospecies or mixed communities, the identified EPSs (extracellular polymeric substances), archaeal structures mediating surface adhesion or cell-cell connections, and the response to physical and chemical stressors implying that archaeal biofilm formation is an adaptive reaction to changing environmental conditions. A first insight into the molecular differentiation of cells within archaeal biofilms is given.