Seasonality and selective trends in viral acute respiratory tract infections
Seasonality and selective trends in viral acute respiratory tract infections
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mehy.2015.11.005
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Stewart, Patrick D. Shaw
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stewart, Patrick D. Shaw
甲型和乙型流感以及许多不相关的病毒，包括鼻病毒、RSV、腺病毒、偏肺病毒和冠状病毒，具有相同的季节性，因为这些病毒性急性呼吸道感染 (vARIs) 在冬季比夏季更常见。不幸的是，早期使用回收的“谱系”病毒株的研究似乎使微生物学家驳斥了人们普遍认为的变异病毒感染通常伴随着寒冷的说法。如今，无可争议的证据表明，环境温度下降和宿主寒冷会增加 vARIs 的发生率和严重程度。本综述考虑了四种可能的机制，M1-4，可以解释这种联系：（Ml）冬季拥挤程度增加可能会增强病毒传播； (M2)较低的温度可能会增加病毒体在体外的稳定性； (M3) 寒冷可能会增加宿主的敏感性； (M4) 较低的温度或宿主的寒冷可能会激活休眠的病毒粒子。 M1 或 M2 的证据很少，这与热带观测不相容。流行病学异常，例如 vARIs 在广泛地理区域内反复同时到来、流感流行迅速停止以及家庭内流感发病率低等，与 M4 兼容，但与 M3（其简单形式）不兼容。 M4 似乎是季节性的主要驱动力，但 M3 也可能发挥重要作用。 (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Influenza A and B, and many unrelated viruses including rhinovirus, RSV, adenovirus, metapneumovirus and coronavirus share the same seasonality, since these viral acute respiratory tract infections (vARIs) are much more common in winter than summer. Unfortunately, early investigations that used recycled "pedigree" virus strains seem to have led microbiologists to dismiss the common folk belief that vARIs often follow chilling. Today, incontrovertible evidence shows that ambient temperature dips and host chilling increase the incidence and severity of vARIs. This review considers four possible mechanisms, M1- 4, that can explain this link: (Ml) increased crowding in winter may enhance viral transmission; (M2) lower temperatures may increase the stability of virions outside the body; (M3) chilling may increase host susceptibility; (M4) lower temperatures or host chilling may activate dormant virions. There is little evidence for M1 or M2, which are incompatible with tropical observations. Epidemiological anomalies such as the repeated simultaneous arrival of vARIs over wide geographical areas, the rapid cessation of influenza epidemics, and the low attack rate of influenza within families are compatible with M4, but not M3 (in its simple form). M4 seems to be the main driver of seasonality, but M3 may also play an important role. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.