A cross-cultural study of infant temperament: Predicting preschool effortful control in the United States of America and Russia
A cross-cultural study of infant temperament: Predicting preschool effortful control in the United States of America and Russia
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DOI：
10.1080/17405620701203846
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Kinsht, Irina A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gartstein, Maria A.;Slobodskaya, Helena R.;Kinsht, Irina A.
努力控制(EC)被认为是与自我调节有关的气质维度，与执行注意技能的发展有关。研究的重点是记录EC的发展，但对其前体的系统研究很少。本研究旨在调查俄罗斯和美国这两个国家的婴儿气质特征对幼儿/学龄前阶段EC的潜在预测作用。具体地说，在一岁时测量的消极情绪性(NE)、积极情感/冲动性(PAS)和调节能力/定向(RCO)的贡献被期望解释学龄前阶段的EC。在美国样本中，幼儿NE、婴儿PAS和RCO解释了显著的EC差异，而在俄罗斯样本中，婴儿RCO是较晚EC的唯一显著预测因子。结合样本的分析为评估不同文化之间的气质互动提供了机会，其中之一(PASCucture)达到了统计学意义。跟踪分析表明，婴儿PA水平较高仅与美国儿童较高的EC分数有关，而对于俄罗斯青少年学前班，EC并不随婴儿PA的变化而变化。本研究的结果支持了早现调节在促进EC发展中的重要性，并说明了跨文化纵向研究的价值。
Effortful control (EC) has been conceptualized as a dimension of temperament related to self-regulation and associated with the development of executive attention skills. Research has focused on documenting the development of EC, but there has been little systematic study of its precursors. The present study was designed to examine infant temperament characteristics as potential predictors of EC in the toddler/preschool period across two countries: Russia and the USA. Specifically, contributions of negative emotionality (NE), positive affectivity/surgency (PAS), and regulatory capacity/orienting (RCO) measured in the first year of life were expected to explain EC in the preschool period. For the US sample, toddler NE, infant PAS and RCO explained significant amounts of EC variance, whereas infant RCO was the single significant predictor of later EC in the Russian sample. Analyses with the combined sample provided an opportunity to evaluate temperament-by-culture interactions, one of which (PASCulture) reached statistical significance. Follow-up analyses indicated that higher levels of infant PAS were related to higher EC scores for US children only, whereas for the Russian youth preschool EC did not vary as a function of infant PAS. Results of this study support the importance of early appearing regulation in contributing to the development of EC and illustrate the value of cross-cultural longitudinal research.