A mitochondrial genome phylogeny of termites (Blattodea: Termitoidae): Robust support for interfamilial relationships and molecular synapomorphies define major clades
A mitochondrial genome phylogeny of termites (Blattodea: Termitoidae): Robust support for interfamilial relationships and molecular synapomorphies define major clades
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ympev.2012.05.034
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发表时间：
2012-10-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Evans, Theodore A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cameron, Stephen L.;Lo, Nathan;Evans, Theodore A.
尽管白蚁具有分解者的生态意义和作为膜翅目以外最特殊的社会昆虫群的进化意义，但白蚁(蝇目：白蚁科或等翅目)的进化关系尚未得到很好的解决。以前的形态和分子分析在家族水平上存在强烈的冲突，并且对骨干节点的支持很差。建立了白蚁线粒体(Mt)基因组系统发育图，以测试已识别的白蚁家族之间的关系，改善节点支持度，并测试在白蚁mt基因组中发现的罕见基因组变化的系统发育效用。对现存的9个白蚁家族中的7个家族的mt全基因组进行了测序，并分别代表了最特殊的两个家族：雷白蚁科(7个亚科中的3个)和白蚁科(8个亚科中的3个)。白蚁的姐妹群--亚社会蟑螂隐尾蟑螂的mt基因组也被测序。所有的分析方法和数据处理方法都建立了一个高度支持的白蚁关系树，然而白蚁+隐翅目分支与其他蟑螂谱系的关系受到白蚁相对于其他双翅目昆虫强烈的核苷酸组成偏向的高度影响。该系统发育支持以前提出的超家族白蚁谱系，即等翅目和新等翅目，后来衍生的一个新等翅目姐妹群，以及一个由湿白蚁(Stolotermitidae，Archoteropsidae)和收割机白蚁(Hodotermitidae)组成的单系分支。与以前的白蚁系统发育研究不同，白蚁内部的家族级关系的节点支持率非常高。在mt基因组控制区的两个罕见的基因组变化被发现是主要分支的分子同形。一个细长的茎环结构定义了分枝多翅目+(隐尾白蚁+白蚁)，并且在这个茎环中进一步的一系列补偿碱基变化对新等翅目是同形的。首次发现的复杂重复结构由短(A型)和长(B型重复)组成，定义了异白蚁+白蚁分支，而A型重复的二次丢失对于非大白蚁来说是同形的。(C)2012 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
Despite their ecological significance as decomposers and their evolutionary significance as the most speciose eusocial insect group outside the Hymenoptera, termite (Blattodea: Termitoidae or Isoptera) evolutionary relationships have yet to be well resolved. Previous morphological and molecular analyses strongly conflict at the family level and are marked by poor support for backbone nodes. A mitochondrial (mt) genome phylogeny of termites was produced to test relationships between the recognised termite families, improve nodal support and test the phylogenetic utility of rare genomic changes found in the termite mt genome. Complete mt genomes were sequenced for 7 of the 9 extant termite families with additional representatives of each of the two most speciose families Rhinotermitidae (3 of 7 subfamilies) and Termitidae (3 of 8 subfamilies). The mt genome of the well supported sister-group of termites, the subsocial cockroach Cryptocercus, was also sequenced. A highly supported tree of termite relationships was produced by all analytical methods and data treatment approaches, however the relationship of the termites + Cryptocercus clade to other cockroach lineages was highly affected by the strong nucleotide compositional bias found in termites relative to other dictyopterans. The phylogeny supports previously proposed suprafamilial termite lineages, the Euisoptera and Neoisoptera, a later derived Kalotermitidae as sister group of the Neoisoptera and a monophyletic clade of dampwood (Stolotermitidae, Archotermopsidae) and harvester termites (Hodotermitidae). In contrast to previous termite phylogenetic studies, nodal supports were very high for family-level relationships within termites. Two rare genomic changes in the mt genome control region were found to be molecular synapomorphies for major clades. An elongated stem-loop structure defined the clade Polyphagidae + (Cryptocercus + termites), and a further series of compensatory base changes in this stem-loop is synapomorphic for the Neoisoptera. The complicated repeat structures first identified in Reticulitermes, composed of short (A-type) and long (B-type repeats) defines the clade Heterotermitinae + Termitidae, while the secondary loss of A-type repeats is synapomorphic for the non-macrotermitine Termitidae. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.