Illuminating the Virosphere Through Global Metagenomics
Illuminating the Virosphere Through Global Metagenomics
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-012221-095114
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kyrpides, Nikos C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Call, Lee;Nayfach, Stephen;Kyrpides, Nikos C.
病毒是地球上最丰富的生物实体，感染来自所有生命领域的细胞生物，是全球生物圈的核心参与者。在过去的世纪里，病毒的发现和特征鉴定与现代生物学的大部分进展同步。然而，就发现的新型病毒的数量而言，过去几年是该领域迄今为止最具变革性的几年。在基因组和宏基因组数据集中识别病毒序列的方法的进步，加上环境测序的指数增长，大大扩展了已知病毒的目录，并推动了病毒序列数据库的巨大增长。新标准的制定和实施，沿着对新发现病毒的仔细研究，已经并将继续改变我们对微生物进化、生态学和生物地球化学循环的理解，导致许多不同领域的新生物技术创新，包括环境、农业和生物医学科学。
Viruses are the most abundant biological entity on Earth, infect cellular organisms from all domains of life, and are central players in the global biosphere. Over the last century, the discovery and characterization of viruses have progressed steadily alongside much of modern biology. In terms of outright numbers of novel viruses discovered, however, the last few years have been by far the most transformative for the field. Advances in methods for identifying viral sequences in genomic and metagenomic datasets, coupled to the exponential growth of environmental sequencing, have greatly expanded the catalog of known viruses and fueled the tremendous growth of viral sequence databases. Development and implementation of new standards, along with careful study of the newly discovered viruses, have transformed and will continue to transform our understanding of microbial evolution, ecology, and biogeochemical cycles, leading to new biotechnological innovations across many diverse fields, including environmental, agricultural, and biomedical sciences.