Tobacco Retail Environments and Social Inequalities in Individual-Level Smoking and Cessation Among Scottish Adults
Tobacco Retail Environments and Social Inequalities in Individual-Level Smoking and Cessation Among Scottish Adults
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DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntv089
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发表时间：
2016-02-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Mitchell, Richard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pearce, Jamie;Rind, Esther;Mitchell, Richard
简介：许多社区特征可能会限制或允许吸烟。本研究调查了社区烟草零售环境是否与苏格兰成年人的个人水平吸烟和戒烟有关，以及吸烟状况的不平等是否与烟草零售有关。方法：使用2012年9月苏格兰烟草零售商登记簿为苏格兰的社区制定了烟草出口密度措施。使用地理信息系统对出口数据进行了清理和地理编码（n = 10 161）。核密度估计用于计算每个邮政编码的出口密度测量。然后，通过邮政编码将核密度估计测量值附加到2008-2011年苏格兰健康调查（n = 28 751名年龄>= 16岁的成年人）中包含的个人数据中。两级逻辑回归模型考察了社区烟草零售密度是否与当前吸烟状况和戒烟有关，以及家庭收入与吸烟状况之间的关系是否存在差异（根据烟草零售密度）。结果：在调整了个人和地区水平的混杂因素后，与出口密度最低地区的居民相比，那些居住在出口密度最高的地区的人，现在吸烟的几率高出6%，曾经吸烟的几率低5%。几乎没有证据表明，在目前的吸烟或戒烟的不平等缩小，在烟草零售的可用性较低的地区。结论：研究结果表明，居民的环境，更大的烟草销售点的可用性更有可能开始和/或维持吸烟，不太可能戒烟。
Introduction: Many neighborhood characteristics may constrain or enable smoking. This study investigated whether the neighborhood tobacco retail environment was associated with individual- level smoking and cessation in Scottish adults, and whether inequalities in smoking status were related to tobacco retailing.Methods: Tobacco outlet density measures were developed for neighborhoods across Scotland using the September 2012 Scottish Tobacco Retailers Register. The outlet data were cleaned and geocoded (n = 10 161) using a Geographic Information System. Kernel density estimation was used to calculate an outlet density measure for each postcode. The kernel density estimation measures were then appended to data on individuals included in the 2008-2011 Scottish Health Surveys (n = 28 751 adults aged >= 16), via their postcode. Two-level logistic regression models examined whether neighborhood density of tobacco retailing was associated with current smoking status and smoking cessation and whether there were differences in the relationship between household income and smoking status, by tobacco outlet density.Results: After adjustment for individual-and area-level confounders, compared to residents of areas with the lowest outlet densities, those living in areas with the highest outlet densities had a 6% higher chance of being a current smoker, and a 5% lower chance of being an ex-smoker. There was little evidence to suggest that inequalities in either current smoking or cessation were narrower in areas with lower availability of tobacco retailing.Conclusions: The findings suggest that residents of environments with a greater availability of tobacco outlets are more likely to start and/or sustain smoking, and less likely to quit.