Use of predator odors as repellents to reduce feeding damage by herbivores
Use of predator odors as repellents to reduce feeding damage by herbivores
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DOI：
10.1007/bf01022553
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
T. Sullivan;D. Crump;D. S. Sullivan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Sullivan;D. Crump;D. S. Sullivan
本研究调查了加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省奥肯那根山谷果园中白鼬 (Mustela erminea) 和雪貂 (M. putorius) 的主要肛门腺化合物对北袋地鼠 (Thomomys talpoides) 产生回避反应的影响。第二个目标是评估实验室生物测定中额外的捕食者气味对地鼠回避行为的影响。在田间生物测定中，将 2-丙基硫杂环丁烷和 3-丙基-1,2-二硫戊环以及 3,3-二甲基-1,2-二硫戊环按 1:1 的混合物放置在地鼠洞穴中，与果园块中的对照网格相比，处理组并没有减少地鼠定殖的数量。然而，这些捕食性地鼠确实极大地改变了地鼠的分布。在三个果园中的两个果园中，与对照网格相比，在处理网格上捕获的周边地鼠明显多于非周边诱捕站。在所有果园中，将捕食者气味放入洞穴后，周边站捕获的地鼠数量明显多于实验开始前。在实验室生物测定中，地鼠明显避开了狐狸 (Vulpes vulpes) 粪便中的一种成分 2,5-二氢-2,4,5-三甲基噻唑啉，但没有避开水貂 (M. vison) 中的 2,2-二甲基硫杂环丁烷或狐狸尿液中的 3-甲基-3-丁烯基甲基硫醚。 3,3-二甲基-1,2-二硫戊环的回避率也较差，尽管这可能是由于该化合物的聚合状态所致。需要改进的配方来将这些化学信息素分配到果园和其他林业农业区的控释装置中。
This study investigated the influence of the major anal-gland compounds from the stoat (Mustela erminea) and ferret (M. putorius) in generating an avoidance response by northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides) in tree fruit orchards in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, Canada. A secondary objective assessed the impact of additional predator odors on gopher avoidance behavior in laboratory bioassays. In field bioassays, a 1: 1 mixture of 2-propylthietane and 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane, as well as 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dithiolane, placed in gopher burrows did not reduce the number of gophers colonizing treatment versus control grids in orchard blocks. However, these predator gophers did dramatically alter the distribution of gophers. Significantly more gophers were captured at perimeter than nonperimeter trap stations on treatment versus control grids in two of three orchards. In all orchards, significantly more gophers were captured at perimeter stations after the predator odors had been placed in burrows than prior to the start of the experiment. Gophers clearly avoided 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline, a component of fox (Vulpes vulpes) feces, but did not avoid 2,2-dimethylthietane from the mink (M. vison) or 3-methyl-3-butenyl methyl sulfide from fox urine in laboratory bioassays. Poor avoidance was also recorded for 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dithiolane, although this may be due to the state of polymerization of this compound. An improved formulation is required to dispense these semiochemicals in controlled-release devices within orchards and other forest-agricultural areas.