An Estimate of the Financial Cost of Peatland Restoration in Indonesia
An Estimate of the Financial Cost of Peatland Restoration in Indonesia
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DOI：
10.1525/cse.2017.000695
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Dargusch, Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hansson, Amanda;Dargusch, Paul
近几十年来，印度尼西亚的泥炭森林经历了大面积的森林砍伐和退化。对印尼木材和种植园发展的高需求推动了泥炭林的大规模排水和清理，导致整个地区出现了广泛的火灾和烟雾问题。仅在2015年，这些火灾就造成了10万多人过早死亡，增加了一些已经受到威胁的物种的压力，并使印度尼西亚成为全球温室气体排放最多的国家之一。作为回应，印尼政府发起了一项计划，从现在到2020年恢复200多万公顷的泥炭地。虽然有大量的学术文献涉及热带泥炭地恢复的技术方面，但很少有关于热带泥炭地恢复活动的费用的出版物。本研究以印度尼西亚加里曼丹、苏门答腊省和巴布亚省的泥炭地恢复为例，基于泥炭地地区的火灾、排水和伐木历史，提出了一个泥炭地恢复活动分类方案。我们使用这一方案来确定不同地区的恢复活动需求，然后为国家200万公顷泥炭地恢复计划提出的恢复活动制定初步的总财务成本估算。我们发现，完成全国200万公顷的恢复计划可能需要超过46亿美元，这远远超过目前在印度尼西亚和国际捐助者预算中分配给这项挑战的资金。
The peat forests of Indonesia have experienced extensive deforestation and degradation over recent decades. High demand for Indonesian timber and plantation development has driven large-scale draining and clearing of peat forest, resulting in extensive fires and smoke haze problems across the region. These fires caused more than 100,000 premature deaths in 2015 alone, increased the pressure on several already threatened species, and placed Indonesia among the top greenhouse gas emitting countries globally. In response, the Indonesian government has launched an initiative to restore more than 2 million ha of peatland between now and 2020. Although there is a substantial body of academic literature that deals with technical aspects of tropical peatland restoration, little is published on the costs of tropical peatland restoration activities. In this study, we examine the case of peatland restoration in the provinces of Kalimantan, Sumatra, and Papua in Indonesia, and propose a restoration activity classification scheme based on fire, drainage, and logging history of peatland areas. We use this scheme to identify the restoration activity needs of different areas and then develop a preliminary gross financial cost estimate for the restoration activities proposed under the national 2-million-ha peatland restoration initiative. We find that it is likely to cost more than US$4.6 billion to complete the national 2-million-ha restoration initiative, which is substantially more than the funds currently allocated to the challenge across Indonesian and international donor budgets.