Against direct perception
Against direct perception
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DOI：
10.1017/s0140525x0000546x
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发表时间：
1980-03
影响因子：
29.3
通讯作者：
S. Ullman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Ullman
当代认知科学的核心概念是，心理过程涉及由内部表征定义的计算。这种观点与视觉感知和认知的“直接方法”形成鲜明对比，后者最突出的支持者是J.J. Gibson。在直接理论中，知觉不涉及任何形式的计算；它是直接获取可用信息的结果。吉布森最近出版的书（Gibson 1979）提供了一个机会来检验他的方法，更一般地说，将直接感知理论与计算/表征观点进行对比。在本文的第一部分（第2-3节）中，从理论的角度审视了“直接感知”的概念，并提出了一些反对意见。第4节是一个“案例研究”：感知移动物体的三维形状的问题进行了检查。这个问题在直接感知框架内得到了广泛的研究，它说明了这种方法的一些固有缺点。最后，在第5节中，我们试图通过将直接感知理论嵌入到一个更全面的框架中来透视它。
Abstract Central to contemporary cognitive science is the notion that mental processes involve computations defined over internal representations. This view stands in sharp contrast to the “direct approach” to visual perception and cognition, whose most prominent proponent has been J.J. Gibson. In the direct theory, perception does not involve computations of any sort; it is the result of the direct pickup of available information. The publication of Gibson's recent book (Gibson 1979) offers an opportunity to examine his approach, and, more generally, to contrast the theory of direct perception with the computational/representational view. In the first part of the present article (Sections 2–3) the notion of “direct perception” is examined from a theoretical standpoint, and a number of objections are raised. Section 4 is a “case study”: the problem of perceiving the three-dimensional shape of moving objects is examined. This problem, which has been extensively studied within the immediate perception framework, serves to illustrate some of the inherent shortcomings of that approach. Finally, in Section 5, an attempt is made to place the theory of direct perception in perspective by embedding it in a more comprehensive framework.