Generalized probability theories: what determines the structure of quantum theory?
Generalized probability theories: what determines the structure of quantum theory?
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DOI：
10.1088/1751-8113/47/32/323001
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发表时间：
2014-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Peter Janotta;H. Hinrichsen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Peter Janotta;H. Hinrichsen
广义概率理论的框架是研究量子物理基础的有力工具。它为最近的各种发现提供了基础，这些发现极大地提高了我们对量子理论丰富的物理结构的理解。本文试图以一种通俗易懂的方式向更广泛的读者介绍这一框架和最新成果。为了实现这一目标，我们采取了建设性的方法。从几个基本的物理动机假设开始，我们展示了给定的一组观察如何在操作理论中表现出来。此外，我们刻画了限制可能扩张范围的一致性条件。在这个框架中，经典理论和量子理论作为特例出现，其目的是理解量子力学作为自然界实现的基本理论的区别。事实证明，单一系统的非经典特征等同于受到限制的高维经典理论。然而，纠缠和非定域性被证明是真正的非经典特征。
The framework of generalized probabilistic theories is a powerful tool for studying the foundations of quantum physics. It provides the basis for a variety of recent findings that significantly improve our understanding of the rich physical structure of quantum theory. This review paper tries to present the framework and recent results to a broader readership in an accessible manner. To achieve this, we follow a constructive approach. Starting from a few basic physically motivated assumptions we show how a given set of observations can be manifested in an operational theory. Furthermore, we characterize consistency conditions limiting the range of possible extensions. In this framework classical and quantum theory appear as special cases, and the aim is to understand what distinguishes quantum mechanics as the fundamental theory realized in nature. It turns out that non-classical features of single systems can equivalently result from higher-dimensional classical theories that have been restricted. Entanglement and non-locality, however, are shown to be genuine non-classical features.