The Effect of Parallel Prototyping on Design Performance, Learning, and Self-Efficacy
The Effect of Parallel Prototyping on Design Performance, Learning, and Self-Efficacy
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并行原型对设计性能、学习和自我效能的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Klemmer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Steven W. Dow;Alana Glassco;Jonathan Kass;Melissa Schwarz;S. Klemmer
设计通常会随着迭代而改进。并行地创建和接收多个原型的反馈--而不是连续地--是否会影响结果、学习和自我效能？两个实验操控了参与者是否设计了原型，并以并行或串联的方式收到反馈。在第一个实验中，参与者设计网络广告，并接受对每个原型的描述性评论。根据点击率和专家评分来衡量，在并行条件下创建的广告显著优于在连续条件下创建的广告。独立评分者发现，平行原型明显更具差异性。平行参与者报告说，任务特定的自信心增加得更多。在任务后访谈中，几位连续参与者报告了对批评的负面反应；没有平行参与者报告这一点。第二项研究在一项简单的机械设计任务中操纵了并行和串联。这项研究发现，不同条件下的绩效没有显著差异。我们讨论了任务之间的差异以及对理解并行原型何时以及如何有益的含义。
Designs often improve with iteration. Does creating and receiving feedback on multiple prototypes in parallel — as opposed to serially — affect outcome, learning, and selfefficacy? Two experiments manipulated whether participants designed prototypes and received feedback in parallel or serial. In the first, participants designed Web advertisements and received descriptive critique on each prototype. As measured by click-through rate and expert ratings, ads created in the Parallel condition significantly outperformed those in the Serial condition. Independent raters found Parallel prototypes to be significantly more divergent. Parallel participants reported a larger increase in task-specific selfconfidence. In post-task interviews, several Serial participants reported negative reactions to critique; no Parallel participants reported this. The second study manipulated Parallel versus Serial for a simple mechanical design task. This study found no significant performance difference between conditions. We discuss differences between the tasks and the implications for understanding when and how parallel prototyping is beneficial.