Molecular diversity and distribution of marine fungi across 130 European environmental samples.
Molecular diversity and distribution of marine fungi across 130 European environmental samples.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2015.2243
复制
发表时间：
2015-11-22
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Chambouvet A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Richards TA;Leonard G;Mahé F;Del Campo J;Romac S;Jones MD;Maguire F;Dunthorn M;De Vargas C;Massana R;Chambouvet A
环境DNA和基于培养的分析表明，在许多海洋环境中，特别是在上层水体中，真菌的多样性和丰度都很低。在这里，我们使用一种双重的方法，涉及高通量的多样性标签测序的DNA和RNA模板和荧光细胞计数，以评估的多样性和相对丰度的真菌在海洋样品从六个欧洲近岸网站。我们去除了非常罕见的真菌操作分类单位（OTU），仅选择从多个样品中回收的OTU进行详细分析。该方法鉴定了一组71个真菌“OTU簇”，占分配给真菌的所有序列的66%。系统发育分析表明，这种多样性包括大量的壶菌样谱系，以前没有描述过，表明海洋环境中包括一些新的动物孢子真菌的分类清单。使用序列数据集，我们确定了真菌OTU在多个地理位置和不同采样深度之间采样的情况。这一点在一个相对丰富和多样的、暂命名为新壶菌样进化枝1（NCLC1）的壶菌群中尤为明显。为了比较，还使用荧光显微镜研究了水柱样品的子集，以检查具有几丁质细胞壁的真核生物的丰度。RNA衍生的真菌标签序列和几丁质细胞壁计数的相对丰度的比较表明，真菌构成了这些水柱样品中的真核生物群落的低分数。综上所述，这些结果表明了71个谱系的系统发育位置和环境分布，提高了我们对海洋环境中真菌多样性和丰度的理解。
Environmental DNA and culture-based analyses have suggested that fungi are present in low diversity and in low abundance in many marine environments, especially in the upper water column. Here, we use a dual approach involving high-throughput diversity tag sequencing from both DNA and RNA templates and fluorescent cell counts to evaluate the diversity and relative abundance of fungi across marine samples taken from six European near-shore sites. We removed very rare fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) selecting only OTUs recovered from multiple samples for a detailed analysis. This approach identified a set of 71 fungal ‘OTU clusters' that account for 66% of all the sequences assigned to the Fungi. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that this diversity includes a significant number of chytrid-like lineages that had not been previously described, indicating that the marine environment encompasses a number of zoosporic fungi that are new to taxonomic inventories. Using the sequence datasets, we identified cases where fungal OTUs were sampled across multiple geographical sites and between different sampling depths. This was especially clear in one relatively abundant and diverse phylogroup tentatively named Novel Chytrid-Like-Clade 1 (NCLC1). For comparison, a subset of the water column samples was also investigated using fluorescent microscopy to examine the abundance of eukaryotes with chitin cell walls. Comparisons of relative abundance of RNA-derived fungal tag sequences and chitin cell-wall counts demonstrate that fungi constitute a low fraction of the eukaryotic community in these water column samples. Taken together, these results demonstrate the phylogenetic position and environmental distribution of 71 lineages, improving our understanding of the diversity and abundance of fungi in marine environments.