Calcineurin is required for sclerotial development and pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in an oxalic acid-independent manner
Calcineurin is required for sclerotial development and pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in an oxalic acid-independent manner
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DOI：
10.1094/mpmi-19-0682
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发表时间：
2006-06-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Yarden, O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harel, A.;Bercovich, S.;Yarden, O.
核盘菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）是一种坏死营养型杂食性植物病原体，分布于世界各地。核盘菌的菌核是有色素的多菌丝结构，在该病原体的生命和感染周期中发挥着核心作用。钙调神经磷酸酶是一种与多种信号转导途径相关的丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸酶，在真菌中的阳离子稳态、形态发生、细胞壁完整性和发病机制的调节中发挥着关键作用。我们证明，核盘菌中钙调神经磷酸酶的表达在菌核发育过程中以特定阶段的方式发生改变。 FK506、环孢菌素 A 或诱导型反义钙调磷酸酶表达对钙调磷酸酶的抑制会损害预成熟期的菌核发育，并增加预形成菌核的萌发。核盘菌中反义钙调神经磷酸酶表达的诱导导致番茄和拟南芥的发病机制减少。然而，核盘菌的关键毒力因子草酸的分泌并没有改变。钙调神经磷酸酶的抑制导致细胞壁β-1,3-葡聚糖含量减少，并增加对细胞壁降解酶和葡聚糖合酶抑制剂卡泊芬净的敏感性。因此，钙调神经磷酸酶在核盘菌以及最有可能的其他植物病原体的菌核发育和发病机制中发挥着重要作用。
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a necrotrophic, omnivorous plant pathogen with worldwide distribution. Sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum are pigmented, multihyphal structures that play a central role in the life and infection cycles of this pathogen. Calcineurin, a Ser/Thr phosphatase linked to several signal-transduction pathways, plays a key role in the regulation of cation homeostasis, morphogenesis, cell-wall integrity, and pathogenesis in fungi. We demonstrate that calcineurin expression in S. sclerotiorum is altered in a phase-specific manner during sclerotial development. Inhibition of calcineurin by FK506, cysclosporin A, or inducible antisense calcineurin expression impaired sclerotial development at the prematuration phase and increased germination of preformed sclerotia. Induction of antisense calcineurin expression in S. sclerotiorum resulted in reduced pathogenesis on tomato and Arabidopsis. However, secretion of oxalic acid, a key virulence factor of S. sclerotiorum, was not altered. Inhibition of calcineurin conferred a reduction in cell wall beta-1,3-glucan content and increased sensitivity to cell-wall-degrading enzymes and to the glucan synthase inhibitor caspofungin. Thus, calcineurin plays a major role in both sclerotial development and pathogenesis of S. sclerotiorum and, most likely, other phytopathogens.