Political Autonomy and Divided Societies
Political Autonomy and Divided Societies
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政治自治和分裂的社会
DOI：
10.1057/9780230365322_2
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Keating M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Keating M
适应民族多样性的战略沿着从同化到分离的一系列变化，但近年来，人们越来越多地（尽管不是普遍的）就国家内部和更广泛的超国家和跨国秩序的有限自治的可取性和合法性达成共识。如果国籍要求被绝对化，被视为不可削减的权利，那么这种策略是徒劳的，并被批评为只是煽动需求。然而，有一种重要的思维方式将它们视为要求，视为可以妥协和斡旋的正常政治形式。对自治的要求与实现一系列领域的实质性政策目标有关，但不能简化为实现这些目标。其中之一是文化，它可能是语言、共同价值观或传统生活方式的问题。另一个是经济问题，人们认为一个社区受到剥削或处于不利地位。这可能是一个在现有国家和市场结构中被边缘化的贫困社区，也可能是一个无法做得更好的富裕社区。福利和社会政策提供了另一个日益重要的分裂根源，一个社区的主导力量共享更加集体主义的社会愿景，而另一个社区则更加倾向于个人主义和新自由主义。当然，这与前一个问题有关，因为人们越来越关注地区间和社区间的不平等，以及传统上对人际不平等的关注。另一个要求是更直接的政治性的，人们希望重新设定政治共同体的边界。这可能是因为一个群体被系统性地否决，
Strategies for accommodating national diversity range along a spectrum from assimilation to separation, but in recent years there has been a growing, albeit not universal, consensus on the desirability and legitimacy of limited self-government within the state and broader supranational and transnational orders. If nationality claims are couched in absolute terms, seen as irreducible rights, then such strategies are futile, and have been criticized as merely stoking the demand. There is, however, an important strand of thinking that sees them rather as demands, to be treated as normal forms of politics amenable to compromise and brokerage.The demand for autonomy is linked to, but not reducible to, the attainment of substantive policy goals across a range of domains. One of these is culture, which may be a matter of language, of shared values or traditional ways of life. Another is economic, where there is a perception that a community is exploited or disadvantaged. This could be a poor community that is marginalized within existing state and market structures, or a wealthy one that is held back from doing even better. Welfare and social policy provide another, increasingly important, source of division, where the predominant forces in one community share a more collectivist vision of society, while another inclines more to individualism and neo-liberalism. This is, of course, linked to the previous one in that there is increasing concern about interterritorial and intercommunity inequality, as well as the traditional concern with interpersonal inequality. Another demand is more directly political, where there is a desire to reset the boundaries of the political community. This may be because a group is systematically outvoted, providing