Beyond the Enlightenment: The Philosophical, Scientific and Religious Inheritance
Beyond the Enlightenment: The Philosophical, Scientific and Religious Inheritance
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超越启蒙：哲学、科学与宗教的传承
DOI：
10.1002/9781405165396.ch4
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Peter J. Kitson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Peter J. Kitson
“浪漫主义”一词通常用来描述十八世纪末十九世纪初发生的文学和哲学运动。这个术语经常被用来区分那个时期的思想和文学与十七世纪末和十八世纪的思想和文学，或者“启蒙运动”，而“启蒙运动”和“浪漫主义”这样的表达方式经常被用来暗示看待世界的不同方式。1简单地说，这种对比可以用二元对立来表达，例如理性与情感；客观性与主观性；自发性与控制性；限制与愿望；经验主义与先验主义；社会与个人；公共与私人；秩序与叛乱；世界主义与民族主义，等等。然而，最近的著作倾向于对这种对立提出问题，认为十八世纪的思想和浪漫主义时代的思想之间并没有像乍一看那样明显的区别。2尽管如此，可以说，经典的浪漫主义诗人既建立在他们前辈的思想之上，又对其作出反应，有时与主要趋势决裂（如柯勒律治拒绝启蒙运动经验主义的情况） 或者将这一思想体系推向比启蒙运动时期更为极端的立场（如布莱克、雪莱和拜伦对既定制度的激进怀疑以及他们对唯心主义思想的更高主张的怀疑）。
The term ‘Romanticism’ is usually used to describe a literary and philosophical movement that occurred in the late eighteenth and the early nineteenth centuries. The term is often used to distinguish the thought and literature of the period from that of the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, or of the ‘Enlightenment’, and the expressions ‘Enlightenment’ and ‘Romanticism’ are frequently used to suggest contrasting ways of looking at the world.1Simply put, such a contrast might be expressed in terms of binary oppositions, such as reasonversusemotion; objectivityversussubjectivity; spontaneityversuscontrol; limitationversusaspiration; empiricismversustranscendentalism; societyversusthe individual; publicversusprivate; orderversusrebellion; the cosmopolitanversusthe national, and so on. Recent writing, however, has tended to problematize this opposition, arguing that there is not so clean a break between the ideas of the eighteenth century and those of the Age of Romanticism as might at first be apparent.2Nevertheless, it can be argued that the canonical Romantic poets were both building upon and reacting against the thought of their predecessors, sometimes breaking with the major trends (as in the case of Coleridge's rejection of Enlightenment empiricism) or alternatively pushing that body of thought into more extreme positions than were usual in the Enlightenment (as with Blake's, Shelley's and Byron's radical scepticism concerning established institutions and their suspicion of the higher claims of idealist thought).