Neurological suppression of diaphragm electromyographs in hamsters infected with West Nile virus.
Neurological suppression of diaphragm electromyographs in hamsters infected with West Nile virus.
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DOI：
10.3109/13550284.2010.501847
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发表时间：
2010-07
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Skirpstunas RT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morrey JD;Siddharthan V;Wang H;Hall JO;Motter NE;Skinner RD;Skirpstunas RT
为了解决与西尼罗河病毒(WNV)相关的呼吸窘迫是由神经系统引起的假设，我们从皮下感染的警觉仓鼠(S.C.)的横隔膜纵向测量了肌电(EMG)。与西尼罗河畔。西尼罗河病毒感染仓鼠的肌电活动持续显著低于假感染动物(P≤0.001)，从第3天开始抑制，并持续到病毒攻击后第17天。在已知的影响呼吸的组织中，即肺、横隔膜、颈髓、脑干、颈动脉或主动脉体，WNV免疫反应神经元的灶仅在EMG抑制动物的脑干和部分颈髓中观察到。为了证实脑干和脊髓的受累，使用立体定向手术将WNV直接注射到包含呼吸功能的延髓腹外侧部，并在C4椎体水平将WNV注射到颈髓。与皮下注射WNV一样，仓鼠在4天内出现了横隔肌的肌电抑制。由于WNV阳性神经元仅在EMG抑制的动物中零星出现，因此EMG抑制的一个可能机制可能涉及通过迷走神经传入作用于脑干呼吸控制系统神经元来调节横隔膜的活动。进行脑听觉诱发反应(Baer)检查，以确定全身性脑干神经病是否是横隔肌电信号抑制的原因。由于仅在第11天后才观察到Baer的缺陷，而第11天是隔膜肌电被抑制很久之后，因此WNV诱导的神经疾病可能是多个阶段的。这些数据表明，WNV感染仓鼠可直接通过脑干和颈髓的损伤或间接通过改变迷走神经传入功能而导致隔膜的电生理抑制。这种西尼罗河病毒诱导的肌电抑制可能类似于导致西尼罗河病毒感染的人类患者呼吸窘迫的情况。
To address the hypothesis that respiratory distress associated with West Nile virus (WNV) is neurologically caused, electromyographs (EMGs) were measured longitudinally from the diaphragms of alert hamsters infected subcutaneously (s.c.) with WNV. The EMG activity in WNV-infected hamsters was consistently and significantly (P ≤ 0.001) less than that of sham-infected animals, beginning with suppression at day 3 and continuing to beyond day 17 after viral challenge. Of the tissues known to affect respiration, i.e., lung, diaphragm, cervical spinal cord, brain stem, and the carotid or aortic bodies, foci of WNV-immunoreactive neurons were only observed in the brain stems and some cervical spinal cords from EMG-suppressed animals. To confirm the involvement of the brain stem and spinal cord, WNV was injected directly in the ventrolateral medulla containing respiratory functions using stereotaxic surgery and into the cervical cord at the C4 vertebral level. As with subcutaneous WNV-challenge, hamsters developed EMG suppression of the diaphragm within 4 days. Since WNV-positive neurons were only sporadically identified in EMG-suppressed animals as early as day 3, a plausible mechanism of EMG suppression may involve regulation of diaphragm activity via vagal afferents acting on respiratory control system neurons in the brain stem. Brain auditory evoked response (BAER) was performed to determine if generalized brain stem neuropathy was the cause of diaphragmatic EMG suppression. Since deficiencies of BAER were only observed after day 11, which is long after diaphragm EMGs became suppressed, multiple phases of WNV-induced neurological disease are likely. These data establish that WNV infection of hamsters causes electrophysiological suppression of the diaphragm either directly by lesions in the brain stem and cervical spinal cord, or indirectly by altered vagal afferent function. This WNV-induced EMG-suppression may be analogous to conditions leading to respiratory distress of WNV-infected human patients.
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影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Morrey, John D.;Siddharthan, Venkatraman;Diamond, Michael S.
通讯作者：
Diamond, Michael S.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Gowen BB;Smee DF;Wong MH;Hall JO;Jung KH;Bailey KW;Stevens JR;Furuta Y;Morrey JD
通讯作者：
Morrey JD
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Hermann GE;Rogers RC
通讯作者：
Rogers RC
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Medigeshi, Guruprasad R.;Lancaster, Alissa M.;Nelson, Jay A.
通讯作者：
Nelson, Jay A.
影响因子：
9.4
作者：
Lanciotti, RS;Kerst, AJ
通讯作者：
Kerst, AJ