Genetic characterization of the Miyako horse based on polymorphisms of microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA.
Genetic characterization of the Miyako horse based on polymorphisms of microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA.
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DOI：
10.1292/jvms.16-0111
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发表时间：
2017-01-24
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Takasu M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Senju N;Tozaki T;Kakoi H;Almunia J;Maeda M;Matsuyama R;Takasu M
为了帮助保护濒临灭绝的宫古马，我们通过对32个微卫星进行基因测定和鉴定线粒体DNA单倍型来表征该品种的遗传学。宫古马是日本宫古岛的生物资源。我们还根据共享等位基因的比例计算了个体之间的遗传距离，并用系统发育树可视化了遗传关系。得到了两个重要的结果。其中之一是，由于亲子鉴定的排除能力为0.999998，使用微卫星对马匹进行准确的系谱登记是可能的。另一个原因是，目前马匹的遗传多样性得到了澄清。35匹马的等位基因数、观察杂合度和期望杂合度的平均值分别为4.2%、0.701%和0.649%。瓶颈模型(无限等位基因模型：0.00000；逐步突变模型：0.00026；两阶段模型：0.00000)的概率值表明，宫古马最近经历了一个遗传瓶颈。只鉴定出一种线粒体单倍型。因此，尽管种群规模很小(研究时为41匹)，但种群内的遗传多样性保持得相对较好，保护宫古马的首要任务是增加种群规模。
To help plan conservation of the endangered Miyako horse, a biological resource of the Miyako Islands in Japan, we characterized the genetics of the breed by genotyping 32 microsatellites and identifying mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. We also calculated genetic distances between individuals based on the proportion of shared alleles and visualized the genetic relationships with a phylogenetic tree. Two important results were obtained. One is that accurate pedigree registration of the horse by using microsatellites is possible, as the exclusion power of parentage testing is 0.999998. Another is that the current genetic diversity of the horses was clarified. The average number of alleles, observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were 4.2, 0.701 and 0.649, respectively, for the 35 analyzed horses. The probability values for bottleneck models (infinite allele model: 0.00000; stepwise mutation model: 0.00026; and two-phase model: 0.00000) suggested that Miyako horses have experienced a recent genetic bottleneck. Only one mitochondrial haplotype was identified. Consequently, genetic diversity within the population is relatively well-maintained despite a very small population size (41 at the time of the study), and the first priority in conservation of the Miyako horse is to increase the population size.