Knowledge translation of research findings.
Knowledge translation of research findings.
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DOI：
10.1186/1748-5908-7-50
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发表时间：
2012-05-31
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Squires JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grimshaw JM;Eccles MP;Lavis JN;Hill SJ;Squires JE
临床和卫生服务研究最一致的发现之一是未能将研究转化为实践和政策。由于这些证据-实践和政策差距，患者无法从医疗保健的进步中获得最佳利益，并暴露在不必要的医源性伤害风险中，医疗保健系统暴露在不必要的支出中，导致显著的机会成本。在过去的十年中，关于如何缩小证据-实践和政策差距的国际政策和研究受到越来越多的关注。在本文中，我们总结了当前指导知识转化活动的概念和证据，定义为T2研究(将新的临床知识转化为改善的健康)。本文围绕五个关键问题展开：研究知识应该转移什么；研究知识应该转移给谁；研究知识应该由谁转移；研究知识应该如何转移；以及研究知识应该转移到什么效果？我们建议，知识翻译的基本单位通常应该是最新的系统评价或研究成果的其他综合。知识翻译者需要确定针对不同目标受众的关键信息，并将这些信息编排成易于被不同受众吸收的语言和知识翻译产品。知识转化对不同目标受众的相对重要性将因研究类型而异，知识转化的适当终点可能因不同的利益相关者群体而异。有大量的有计划的知识翻译模式，来自不同的学科、语境(即背景)和目标受众的观点。其中大多数表明，如果对可能的障碍和促进者的评估为知识翻译战略的选择提供了依据，那么为医疗保健专业人员和消费者计划的知识翻译更有可能成功。尽管我们关于克服特定障碍的不同策略的可能有效性的证据仍然不完整，但已经有一系列针对医疗保健专业人员和消费者(即患者、家庭成员和非正式护理人员)的干预措施的系统审查，以及对决策者使用研究的重要因素的审查。有大量的(如果不完整的)证据基础来指导选择针对医疗保健专业人员和消费者的知识翻译活动。针对医疗政策制定者和高级管理人员的不同知识转化方法的效果的证据基础要弱得多，但有大量创新方法值得进一步评估。
One of the most consistent findings from clinical and health services research is the failure to translate research into practice and policy. As a result of these evidence-practice and policy gaps, patients fail to benefit optimally from advances in healthcare and are exposed to unnecessary risks of iatrogenic harms, and healthcare systems are exposed to unnecessary expenditure resulting in significant opportunity costs. Over the last decade, there has been increasing international policy and research attention on how to reduce the evidence-practice and policy gap. In this paper, we summarise the current concepts and evidence to guide knowledge translation activities, defined as T2 research (the translation of new clinical knowledge into improved health). We structure the article around five key questions: what should be transferred; to whom should research knowledge be transferred; by whom should research knowledge be transferred; how should research knowledge be transferred; and, with what effect should research knowledge be transferred? We suggest that the basic unit of knowledge translation should usually be up-to-date systematic reviews or other syntheses of research findings. Knowledge translators need to identify the key messages for different target audiences and to fashion these in language and knowledge translation products that are easily assimilated by different audiences. The relative importance of knowledge translation to different target audiences will vary by the type of research and appropriate endpoints of knowledge translation may vary across different stakeholder groups. There are a large number of planned knowledge translation models, derived from different disciplinary, contextual (i.e., setting), and target audience viewpoints. Most of these suggest that planned knowledge translation for healthcare professionals and consumers is more likely to be successful if the choice of knowledge translation strategy is informed by an assessment of the likely barriers and facilitators. Although our evidence on the likely effectiveness of different strategies to overcome specific barriers remains incomplete, there is a range of informative systematic reviews of interventions aimed at healthcare professionals and consumers (i.e., patients, family members, and informal carers) and of factors important to research use by policy makers. There is a substantial (if incomplete) evidence base to guide choice of knowledge translation activities targeting healthcare professionals and consumers. The evidence base on the effects of different knowledge translation approaches targeting healthcare policy makers and senior managers is much weaker but there are a profusion of innovative approaches that warrant further evaluation.
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Adams, AS;Soumerai, SB;Ross-Degnan, D
通讯作者：
Ross-Degnan, D
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Ellen, Moriah E.;Lavis, John N.;Bedard, Pierre-Olivier
通讯作者：
Bedard, Pierre-Olivier