Expanding fungal pathogenesis: Cryptococcus breaks out of the opportunistic box.
Expanding fungal pathogenesis: Cryptococcus breaks out of the opportunistic box.
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DOI：
10.1038/nrmicro2522
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发表时间：
2011-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wang J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kronstad JW;Attarian R;Cadieux B;Choi J;D'Souza CA;Griffiths EJ;Geddes JM;Hu G;Jung WH;Kretschmer M;Saikia S;Wang J
新型隐球菌通常被认为是一种机会性真菌病原体，因为它倾向于感染免疫功能低下的个体，特别是感染HIV的个体。然而，这一观点受到了挑战，最近发现的真菌和哺乳动物宿主之间的专门的相互作用，并出现了相关物种隐球菌gattii作为免疫活性人群的主要病原体。在这篇评论中，我们重点介绍了隐球菌病原体的特征，这些特征揭示了它们对哺乳动物环境的适应。这些特征包括与吞噬细胞非常复杂的相互作用，以促进细胞内存活，传播到中枢神经系统和逃逸，以及令人惊讶的形态学和基因组适应，如在肺中形成多倍体巨细胞。
Cryptococcus neoformans is generally considered an opportunistic fungal pathogen because of its tendency to infect immunocompromised individuals, particularly those infected with HIV. However, this view has been challenged by recent discoveries of specialized interactions between the fungus and its mammalian hosts, and by the emergence of the related species Cryptococcus gattii as a primary pathogen of immunocompetent populations. In this Review, we highlight features of cryptococcal pathogens that reveal their adaptation to the mammalian environment. These features include remarkably sophisticated interactions with phagocytic cells to promote intracellular survival, dissemination to the central nervous system and escape, as well as surprising morphological and genomic adaptations such as the formation of polyploid giant cells in the lung.