The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions
The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2004.1512
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发表时间：
2004-09-29
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Fredrickson, BL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fredrickson, BL
扩展和构建理论描述了积极情绪的一个子集的形式和功能，包括喜悦，兴趣，满足和爱。一个关键的命题是，这些积极的情绪拓宽了一个人瞬间的思想-行动曲目：喜悦激发了玩耍的冲动，兴趣激发了探索的冲动，满足激发了品味和整合的冲动，爱激发了安全，亲密关系中这些冲动的循环。由这些积极情绪引发的扩大的心态与许多消极情绪引发的缩小的心态形成对比（即特定的行动倾向，如攻击或逃跑）。第二个关键命题涉及这些扩大的心态的后果：通过扩大一个人的瞬间思想-行动的剧目-无论是通过游戏，探索或类似的活动-积极的情绪促进发现新的和创造性的行动，想法和社会联系，这反过来又建立了个人的个人资源;从身体和智力资源，到社会和心理资源。重要的是，这些资源可以作为储备，以后可以用来提高成功应对和生存的几率。本章回顾了最新的实证证据支持扩大和建设的理论，并得出了理论的影响，优化健康和福祉。
The broaden-and-build theory describes the form and function of a subset of positive emotions, including joy, interest, contentment and love. A key proposition is that these positive emotions broaden an individual's momentary thought-action repertoire: joy sparks the urge to play, interest sparks the urge to explore, contentment sparks the urge to savour and integrate, and love sparks a recurring cycle of each of these urges within safe, close relationships. The broadened mindsets arising from these positive emotions are contrasted to the narrowed mindsets sparked by many negative emotions (i.e. specific action tendencies, such as attack or flee). A second key proposition concerns the consequences of these broadened mindsets: by broadening an individual's momentary thought-action repertoire-whether through play, exploration or similar activities-positive emotions promote discovery of novel and creative actions, ideas and social bonds, which in turn build that individual's personal resources; ranging from physical and intellectual resources, to social and psychological resources. Importantly, these resources function as reserves that can be drawn on later to improve the odds of successful coping and survival. This chapter reviews the latest empirical evidence supporting the broaden-and-build theory and draws out implications the theory holds for optimizing health and well-being.