Madden‐Julian Oscillation
Madden‐Julian Oscillation
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DOI：
10.1029/2004rg000158
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发表时间：
2005-06
影响因子：
25.2
通讯作者：
Chidong Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chidong Zhang
马登-朱利安涛动(MJO)是热带大气季节内(30-90天)变化的主要组成部分。它包括大气环流和深对流的大尺度耦合模式，以及许多其他变量的相干信号，所有这些信号都向东缓慢传播(∼5m S−1)，穿过印度洋和太平洋海面温暖的部分。它不断地与底层海洋相互作用，影响着许多天气和气候系统。在过去的十年里，MJO的研究取得了迅速的进展：它的大尺度和多尺度结构得到了更好的描述，它的尺度相互作用得到了认识，它对热带和温带天气气候的广泛影响越来越受到重视，它对海洋扰动的机制也得到了进一步的理解。然而，我们在使用复杂的全球天气预报和气候模式准确模拟和预测MJO方面面临着巨大的困难，而我们无法根据MJO的现有理论来解释这些困难。公平地说，MJO对我们对热带大气的理解及其模拟和预测其可变性的能力仍然是一个尚未满足的挑战。这篇综述是基于我们对MJO认识的加速和空白，旨在综合我们目前对选定主题的了解和不了解：它的观察到的基本特征、机制、数值模拟、海气相互作用以及对厄尔尼诺和南方涛动的影响。
The Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the dominant component of the intraseasonal (30–90 days) variability in the tropical atmosphere. It consists of large‐scale coupled patterns in atmospheric circulation and deep convection, with coherent signals in many other variables, all propagating eastward slowly (∼5 m s−1) through the portion of the Indian and Pacific oceans where the sea surface is warm. It constantly interacts with the underlying ocean and influences many weather and climate systems. The past decade has witnessed an expeditious progress in the study of the MJO: Its large‐scale and multiscale structures are better described, its scale interaction is recognized, its broad influences on tropical and extratropical weather and climate are increasingly appreciated, and its mechanisms for disturbing the ocean are further comprehended. Yet we are facing great difficulties in accurately simulating and predicting the MJO using sophisticated global weather forecast and climate models, and we are unable to explain such difficulties based on existing theories of the MJO. It is fair to say that the MJO remains an unmet challenge to our understanding of the tropical atmosphere and to our ability to simulate and predict its variability. This review, motivated by both the acceleration and gaps in our knowledge of the MJO, intends to synthesize what we currently know and what we do not know on selected topics: its observed basic characteristics, mechanisms, numerical modeling, air‐sea interaction, and influences on the El Niño and Southern Oscillation.