Global nutrition dynamics: the world is shifting rapidly toward a diet linked with noncommunicable diseases
Global nutrition dynamics: the world is shifting rapidly toward a diet linked with noncommunicable diseases
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/84.1.289
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发表时间：
2006-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Popkin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Popkin
全球能源失衡和相关的肥胖水平正在迅速上升。世界正在迅速从高收入国家受退行性疾病模式支配（而中低收入国家受饥荒消退支配）的饮食时期转变为世界日益受退行性疾病支配的饮食时期。本文记录了高收入和低收入国家的超重和肥胖水平，以及这种负担向穷人和城乡人口的全球转移。饮食变化似乎正在普遍转向以较高的动物脂肪和部分氢化脂肪摄入量以及较低的纤维摄入量为主的饮食。工作、休闲、旅行和家庭中的活动模式同样迅速地向减少能量消耗转变。食品价格（如牛肉价格）的大规模下跌增加了进入超市的机会，城市和农村地区的城市化是一个关键的根本因素。有限的文件的快餐和瓶装软饮料行业对这种营养转变的影响增加的程度是可用的，但一些例子的异质性的基本变化。全球卫生面临的挑战是显而易见的。
Global energy imbalances and related obesity levels are rapidly increasing. The world is rapidly shifting from a dietary period in which the higher-income countries are dominated by patterns of degenerative diseases (whereas the lower- and middle-income countries are dominated by receding famine) to one in which the world is increasingly being dominated by degenerative diseases. This article documents the high levels of overweight and obesity found across higher- and lower-income countries and the global shift of this burden toward the poor and toward urban and rural populations. Dietary changes appear to be shifting universally toward a diet dominated by higher intakes of animal and partially hydrogenated fats and lower intakes of fiber. Activity patterns at work, at leisure, during travel, and in the home are equally shifting rapidly toward reduced energy expenditure. Large-scale decreases in food prices (eg, beef prices) have increased access to supermarkets, and the urbanization of both urban and rural areas is a key underlying factor. Limited documentation of the extent of the increased effects of the fast food and bottled soft drink industries on this nutrition shift is available, but some examples of the heterogeneity of the underlying changes are presented. The challenge to global health is clear.