In and out of equilibrium
In and out of equilibrium
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DOI：
10.1038/nature03278
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发表时间：
2005-01-20
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Kurchan, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kurchan, J
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦关于布朗运动的研究表明，热平衡是如何通过热涨落和粘性耗散来交换的。玻璃是一种非平衡系统，在这种系统中，这种交换同时发生在不同的时间尺度上。然后，理论提出了一种迷人的可能性，即这种行为可能导致一种更普遍的热化形式，其中所有组件共享的有效温度在每个时间尺度上都不同。
Albert Einstein's work on brownian motion showed how thermal equilibrium could be brought about by work exchanged through thermal fluctuations and viscous dissipation. Glasses are out-of-equilibrium systems in which this exchange happens at widely different timescales simultaneously. Theory then suggests the fascinating possibility that such behaviour may lead to a more general form of thermalization, in which the effective temperature shared by all components differs at each timescale.