Optical properties of normal human intracranial tissues in the spectral range of 400 to 2500 nm.
Optical properties of normal human intracranial tissues in the spectral range of 400 to 2500 nm.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4899-2468-1_6
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发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Eggert;V. Blazek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Eggert;V. Blazek
光学特性描述了电磁辐射与物质之间的物理相互作用，这取决于辐射的波长。入射功率可以被反射、吸收、散射和/或传输。反射可以由镜面反射和来自物质内部的后向散射组成。吸收和内散射的总量可以表示为消光。根据能量守恒定律，反射、消光和透射率加起来为1。因此，测量组织的光学性质必须至少包括其中的两个参数，否则实验设计必须排除其中的一个参数。使用半无限厚度的试件，可以忽略发射功率的影响。根据Kubelka-Munk理论(Kubelka和Munk 1931，Kubelka 1948)，可以通过假设理想黑色背景和半无限切片厚度的反射测量来计算吸收和散射比(Blazek 1979)。在反射和传输测量中，必须考虑到反射和传输功率的强度取决于反射或传输的立体角度(Hardy等人。1956年，Longini et al.1968年)。这个问题可以通过使用带有积分球的双光束光谱光度计作为测量仪器来解决(Blazek，1975)。
Optical properties describe the physical interactions between electromagnetic radiation and matter dependent on the wavelength of the radiation. Incident power may be reflected, absorbed, scattered and/or transmitted. Reflection may consist of specular reflection and back scattering from inside the matter. The total amount of absorption and internal scattering may be expressed as extinction. According to the law of energy conservation, reflection, extinction and transmission add up to 1. For that reason, measuring optical properties of tissues must include at least two of these parameters or one of them must be excluded by the experimental design. Using a semi-infinite thickness of specimens, the influence of transmitted power may be neglected. According to the Kubelka-Munk-theory (Kubelka and Munk 1931, Kubelka 1948), the ratio of absorption and scattering can be calculated from reflection measurements assuming an ideally black background and a semi-infinite slice thickness (Blazek 1979). In reflection as well as in transmission measurements it has to be considered that the intensity of reflected and transmitted power depends on the solid angle of reflection or transmission (Hardy et al. 1956, Longini et al. 1968). This problem may be solved by using a two-beam spectral photometer with an integrating sphere as measuring instrument (Blazek 1975).