Natural iron fertilization by shallow hydrothermal sources fuels diazotroph blooms in the ocean

Natural iron fertilization by shallow hydrothermal sources fuels diazotroph blooms in the ocean
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浅层热液源的天然铁施肥助长了海洋中的固氮菌水华

DOI:
10.1126/science.abq4654
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
影响因子:
56.9
通讯作者:
Cuypers, Yannis
Cuypers, Yannis
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bonnet, Sophie;Guieu, Cécile;Taillandier, Vincent;Boulart, Cédric;Bouruet-Aubertot, Pascale;Gazeau, Frédéric;Scalabrin, Carla;Bressac, Matthieu;Knapp, Angela N.;Cuypers, Yannis

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铁是一种重要的营养物质,调节着约30%海洋的生产力。与大洋中脊的深层(> 2000米)热液活动(为海洋内部提供铁)相比,浅层(< 500米)热液流体可能影响表面的生态系统。然而,其效果是未知的。在这项工作中,我们表明,流体发射沿着汤加火山弧(南太平洋)有一个实质性的影响,铁浓度的透光层通过垂直扩散。这种富集刺激了生物活性,产生了广泛的叶绿素斑块(360,000平方公里)。富铁沃茨中的固氮生物活性是邻近未施肥沃茨的2 - 8倍,碳输出通量是邻近未施肥水域的2 - 3倍。这些发现揭示了海洋中天然铁施肥的一种以前未描述的机制,这种机制为大气CO2的区域热点汇提供了燃料。
Iron is an essential nutrient that regulates productivity in~ 30% of the ocean. Compared with deep (> 2000 meter) hydrothermal activity at mid-ocean ridges that provide iron to the ocean’s interior, shallow (< 500 meter) hydrothermal fluids are likely to influence the surface’s ecosystem. However, their effect is unknown. In this work, we show that fluids emitted along the Tonga volcanic arc (South Pacific) have a substantial impact on iron concentrations in the photic layer through vertical diffusion. This enrichment stimulates biological activity, resulting in an extensive patch of chlorophyll (360,000 square kilometers). Diazotroph activity is two to eight times higher and carbon export fluxes are two to three times higher in iron-enriched waters than in adjacent unfertilized waters. Such findings reveal a previously undescribed mechanism of natural iron fertilization in the ocean that fuels regional hotspot sinks for atmospheric CO2.
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