Advances & challenges in leptospiral vaccine development.
Advances & challenges in leptospiral vaccine development.
复制标题
DOI：
10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1022_16
复制
发表时间：
2018-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bahaman AR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bashiru G;Bahaman AR
自钩端螺旋体疫苗首次在豚鼠中作为灭活疫苗使用以来，在疫苗开发领域取得了相当大的进展。尽管所赋予的免疫力仅限于具有密切相关的脂多糖抗原的血清型，但某些疫苗仍然可用于保护高危个体，特别是在流行地区。其他常规疫苗如减毒活疫苗和脂多糖（LPS）疫苗由于其施用后的反应性应答和缺乏对钩端螺旋体病的发病机理的理解而没有得到普及。随着钩端螺旋体全基因组序列的获得和突破，利用反向疫苗学方法开发包括重组蛋白疫苗在内的新型疫苗取得了令人鼓舞的结果。然而，阻碍开发有效钩端螺旋体疫苗的因素包括不同地区血清型分布的差异、接种疫苗后肾携带者状态的确立以及作为保护性免疫的明确指标可接受的剂量和终点滴度的确定。本文着重介绍了钩端螺旋体病的脂多糖疫苗、灭活疫苗、减毒活疫苗、重组肽疫苗和DNA疫苗的研究进展。
Considerable progress has been made in the field of leptospiral vaccines development since its first use as a killed vaccine in guinea pigs. Despite the fact that the immunity conferred is restricted to serovars with closely related lipopolysaccharide antigen, certain vaccines have remained useful, especially in endemic regions, for the protection of high-risk individuals. Other conventional vaccines such as the live-attenuated vaccine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) vaccine have not gained popularity due to the reactive response that follows their administration and the lack of understanding of the pathogenesis of leptospirosis. With the recent breakthrough and availability of complete genome sequences of Leptospira, development of novel vaccine including recombinant protein vaccine using reverse vaccinology approaches has yielded encouraging results. However, factors hindering the development of effective leptospiral vaccines include variation in serovar distribution from region to region, establishment of renal carrier status following vaccination and determination of the dose and endpoint titres acceptable as definitive indicators of protective immunity. In this review, advancements and progress made in LPS-based vaccines, killed- and live-attenuated vaccines, recombinant peptide vaccines and DNA vaccines against leptospirosis are highlighted.