Electrophysiological studies of face perception in humans
Electrophysiological studies of face perception in humans
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DOI：
10.1162/jocn.1996.8.6.551
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发表时间：
1996-11-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
McCarthy, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bentin, S;Allison, T;McCarthy, G
用头皮电极记录正常志愿者面孔知觉的事件相关电位（ERPs）。受试者进行了视觉目标检测任务，其中他们从指定的类别，如蝴蝶的图片刺激的发生次数在脑海中计数。在单独的实验中，目标刺激被嵌入在一系列其他刺激中，包括不熟悉的人脸和孤立的人脸组件，倒置的脸，扭曲的脸，动物脸和其他非人脸刺激。人脸在172毫秒（N170）时诱发负电位，这在其他有生命和无生命的非人脸刺激诱发的ERPs中是不存在的。N170在后颞头皮上最大，在右半球上比左半球大。N170在颠倒面孔时出现延迟，但其幅度没有变化。当单独呈现时，眼睛引起的N170显著大于整个面部引起的N170，而鼻子和嘴唇引起的小的负ERP比N170晚约50毫秒。扭曲的人脸，其中的内部面组件的位置被改变，引起了一个N170的幅度相似，引起正常的面孔。然而，动物的脸、人手、汽车和家具并没有唤起N170。N170可能反映了一种神经机制的运作，该机制被调整为检测（而不是识别）人脸，类似于布鲁斯和杨（1986）提出的“结构编码器”。在人类中，使用硬膜下电极记录的中梭状回和后颞下回的面部选择性N200 ERP也具有类似的功能（Allison，McCarthy，Nobre，Puce，& Berger，1994 c）。然而，N170对眼睛的不同敏感性表明，N170可能反映了大脑皮层对眼睛敏感的区域的激活。N170在头皮上的电压分布与位于梭状/下颞区外侧的枕颞沟中产生N200的神经发生器一致。
Event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with face perception were recorded with scalp electrodes from normal volunteers. Subjects performed a visual target detection task in which they mentally counted the number of occurrences of pictorial stimuli from a designated category such as butterflies. In separate experiments, target stimuli were embedded within a series of other stimuli including unfamiliar human faces and isolated face components, inverted faces, distorted faces, animal faces, and other nonface stimuli. Human faces evoked a negative potential at 172 msec (N170), which was absent from the ERPs elicited by other animate and inanimate nonface stimuli. N170 was largest over the posterior temporal scalp and was larger over the right than the left hemisphere. N170 was delayed when faces were presented upside-down, but its amplitude did not change. When presented in isolation, eyes elicited an N170 that was significantly larger than that elicited by whole faces, while noses and lips elicited small negative ERPs about 50 msec later than N170. Distorted human faces, in which the locations of inner face components were altered, elicited an N170 similar in amplitude to that elicited by normal faces. However, faces of animals, human hands, cars, and items of furniture did not evoke N170. N170 may reflect the operation of a neural mechanism tuned to detect (as opposed to identify) human faces, similar to the ''structural encoder'' suggested by Bruce and Young (1986). A similar function has been proposed for the face-selective N200 ERP recorded from the middle fusiform and posterior inferior temporal gyri using subdural electrodes in humans (Allison, McCarthy, Nobre, Puce, & Berger, 1994c). However, the differential sensitivity of N170 to eyes in isolation suggests that N170 may reflect the activation of an eye-sensitive region of cortex. The voltage distribution of N170 over the scalp is consistent with a neural generator located in the occipitotemporal sulcus lateral to the fusiform/inferior temporal region that generates N200.