The science and necessity of using animal models in the study of necrotizing enterocolitis.
The science and necessity of using animal models in the study of necrotizing enterocolitis.
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DOI：
10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2017.11.006
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发表时间：
2018-03
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Hunter CJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ares GJ;McElroy SJ;Hunter CJ
坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）仍然是早产儿死亡率和急性和长期发病率最高的原因之一。NEC的病理生理涉及多种因素，包括免疫系统的不成熟和肠道微生物群组成的复杂变化。更重要的是，理想情况下，早产儿仍是一个发育中的胎儿，肠道尚未发育成熟。由于这些复杂性超出了单细胞培养研究的范围，因此动物模型对于理解NEC的病理生理机制和炎症对未成熟肠道的影响是绝对必要的。为此，研究人员利用了许多不同的物种（如大鼠、小鼠、兔子、鹌鹑、仔猪和非人灵长类动物）和条件来开发NEC模型。每种动物在其早产能力、体型、遗传变异和成本方面都有明显的优势和劣势。动物模型的选择受到所要解决的科学问题的强烈影响。虽然没有一个模型能完全模仿人类NEC，但每个模型都极大地提高了我们对疾病的理解。最近在NEC发病机制和预防方面的发现强调了继续进行NEC动物研究的重要性。
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains one of the highest causes of mortality and of acute and long-term morbidity in premature infants. Multiple factors are involved in the pathophysiology of NEC including the immaturity of the immune system and the complex changing composition of the intestinal microbiome. This is compounded by the fact that the premature infant should ideally still be a developing fetus and has an immature intestinal tract. Because these complexities are beyond the scope of studies in single cell cultures, animal models are absolutely essential to understand the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of NEC and the effects of inflammation on the immature intestinal tract. To this end, investigators have utilized many different species (e.g. rats, mice, rabbits, quails, piglets, and non-human primates) and conditions to develop models of NEC. Each animal has distinct advantages and drawbacks related to its preterm viability, body size, genetic variability, and cost. The choice of animal model is strongly influenced by the scientific question being addressed. While no model perfectly mimics human NEC, each has greatly improved our understanding of disease. Examples of recent discoveries in NEC pathogenesis and prevention underscore the importance of continued animal research in NEC.
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