A modeling approach to estimate the solar disinfection of viral indicator organisms in waste stabilization ponds and surface waters
A modeling approach to estimate the solar disinfection of viral indicator organisms in waste stabilization ponds and surface waters
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.022
复制
发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Vione, Davide
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kohn, Tamar;Mattle, Michael J.;Vione, Davide
已知阳光是控制环境中水媒病毒传染性的相关因素。阳光通过内源性灭活（通过病毒吸收UVB范围内的太阳光促进）和外源性过程（通过外部发色团吸收阳光促进，随后产生灭活活性物质）灭活病毒。灭活的程度仍然难以预测，因为它取决于多个参数，包括病毒特性、溶液成分、季节和地理位置。在这项工作中，我们采用了一个模型，通常用于估计光降解的有机污染物，APEX，探索的命运，两个常用的人类病毒（大肠杆菌MS 2和phi X174）在废物稳定池和自然地表水的替代品。根据在以前的工作中获得的实验数据，我们模拟病毒灭活作为一个功能的水的深度和组成，以及季节和纬度，我们分摊的贡献不同的灭活过程总灭活。模型结果表明，除了纬度>60度之外，phi X174比MS 2更容易失活。phi X174失活随季节（20倍）和纬度（0 - 60度之间10倍）变化很大，并且在所有考虑的溶液条件下以内源性失活为主。相反，外源性过程对MS 2失活有显著贡献。由于外源性失活可以通过较长的波长来促进，而较长的波长受季节和纬度变化的影响较小，因此与phi X174相比，MS 2在全年（10倍）和整个地球仪（0至60度之间3倍）的失活波动较小。虽然由于缺乏足够的田间数据，目前无法进行完整的模型验证，但我们估计的灭活率与田间研究中报告的灭活率相当。总的来说，这项研究构成了一个步骤，估计微生物水质的时空信息和易于确定的解决方案参数的函数。(C)2015爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Sunlight is known to be a pertinent factor governing the infectivity of waterborne viruses in the environment. Sunlight inactivates viruses via endogenous inactivation (promoted by absorption of solar light in the UVB range by the virus) and exogenous processes (promoted by adsorption of sunlight by external chromophores, which subsequently generate inactivating reactive species). The extent of inactivation is still difficult to predict, as it depends on multiple parameters including virus characteristics, solution composition, season and geographical location. In this work, we adapted a model typically used to estimate the photodegradation of organic pollutants, APEX, to explore the fate of two commonly used surrogates of human viruses (coliphages MS2 and phi X174) in waste stabilization pond and natural surface water. Based on experimental data obtained in previous work, we modeled virus inactivation as a function of water depth and composition, as well as season and latitude, and we apportioned the contributions of the different inactivation processes to total inactivation. Model results showed that phi X174 is inactivated more readily than MS2, except at latitudes >60 degrees. phi X174 inactivation varies greatly with both season (20-fold) and latitude (10-fold between 0 and 60 degrees), and is dominated by endogenous inactivation under all solution conditions considered. In contrast, exogenous processes contribute significantly to MS2 inactivation. Because exogenous inactivation can be promoted by longer wavelengths, which are less affected by changes in season and latitude, MS2 exhibits smaller fluctuations in inactivation throughout the year (10-fold) and across the globe (3-fold between 0 and 60 degrees) compared to phi X174. While a full model validation is currently not possible due to the lack of sufficient field data, our estimated inactivation rates corresponded well to those reported in field studies. Overall, this study constitutes a step toward estimating microbial water quality as a function of spatio-temporal information and easy-to-determine solution parameters. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.