The Streisand Effect and Censorship Backfire
The Streisand Effect and Censorship Backfire
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史翠珊效应和审查制度适得其反
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. C. Jansen;B. Martin
芭芭拉·史翠珊（Barbra Streisand）试图在一个公共网站上限制对她住所的在线浏览，结果产生了矛盾的效果，反而比她什么都不做带来了更多的浏览。随后，对审查的尝试最终会适得其反，这被称为“史翠珊效应”。为了更好地理解史翠珊效应的动态，我们研究了审查者用来减少对其行为的愤怒的五种策略：(1)隐藏审查的存在；（二）贬低审查对象的；(3)通过撒谎、最小化后果、指责他人和使用良性框架来重新解释行为；（四）利用官方渠道伸张正义的；(5)恐吓对手。在这个框架内，史翠珊效应可以被理解为审查尝试的一个特殊结果，其中用于减少愤怒的方法没有成功。
Barbra Streisand’s attempt to restrict online views of her residence on a public website had the paradoxical effect of leading to many more views than if she had done nothing. Subsequently, attempts at censorship that end up being counterproductive have been dubbed the “Streisand effect.” To better understand the dynamics of the Streisand effect, we examine five tactics used by censors to reduce outrage from their actions: (1) hiding the existence of censorship; (2) devaluing targets of censorship; (3) reinterpreting actions by lying, minimizing consequences, blaming others, and using benign framing; (4) using official channels to give an appearance of justice; and (5) intimidating opponents. Within this framework, the Streisand effect can be understood as a special outcome of censorship attempts, one in which the methods used to reduce outrage did not succeed.