Distribution of living Cupressaceae reflects the breakup of Pangea
Distribution of living Cupressaceae reflects the breakup of Pangea
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现存柏科植物的分布反映了盘古大陆的分裂
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1114319109
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发表时间：
2012-05-15
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Renner, Susanne S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mao, Kangshan;Milne, Richard I.;Renner, Susanne S.
裸子植物中大多数现存的属级辐射是渐新世或更年轻的，反映了渐新世/中新世边界气候变冷期间的大范围灭绝[类似于2300万年前（Ma）]。最近的植物地理学研究揭示了裸子植物和被子植物中长距离传播的许多实例。物种灭绝和远距离扩散共同作用，很可能抹去历史上的地理信号。尽管存在这个问题，我们表明，在裸子植物家族柏科（162种，32属）的系统发育关系表现出预期的模式从侏罗纪/白垩纪的泛大陆解体。一个系统发生产生了122个代表，涵盖所有属，使用高达10,000个核苷酸的质体，线粒体，和核序列每个物种。依靠16个化石校准点和三种分子测年方法，我们表明，柏科起源于三叠纪，当盘古大陆是完整的。两个亚科（Laurasian Cupressoideae和Gondwanan Callitroideae）之间的替代发生在153 Ma（124-183 Ma），当时冈瓦纳和劳亚正在分离。涉及北方和南半球的另外三个洲际分离与盘古大陆的分裂是巧合的，或者紧接着盘古大陆的分裂。
Most extant genus-level radiations in gymnosperms are of Oligocene age or younger, reflecting widespread extinction during climate cooling at the Oligocene/Miocene boundary [similar to 23 million years ago (Ma)]. Recent biogeographic studies have revealed many instances of long-distance dispersal in gymnosperms as well as in angiosperms. Acting together, extinction and long-distance dispersal are likely to erase historical biogeographic signals. Notwithstanding this problem, we show that phylogenetic relationships in the gymnosperm family Cupressaceae (162 species, 32 genera) exhibit patterns expected from the Jurassic/Cretaceous breakup of Pangea. A phylogeny was generated for 122 representatives covering all genera, using up to 10,000 nucleotides of plastid, mitochondrial, and nuclear sequence per species. Relying on 16 fossil calibration points and three molecular dating methods, we show that Cupressaceae originated during the Triassic, when Pangea was intact. Vicariance between the two subfamilies, the Laurasian Cupressoideae and the Gondwanan Callitroideae, occurred around 153 Ma (124-183 Ma), when Gondwana and Laurasia were separating. Three further intercontinental disjunctions involving the Northern and Southern Hemisphere are coincidental with or immediately followed the breakup of Pangea.