CONDITIONED AND UNCONDITIONED CALORIC COMPENSATION - EVIDENCE FOR SELF-REGULATION OF FOOD-INTAKE IN YOUNG-CHILDREN
CONDITIONED AND UNCONDITIONED CALORIC COMPENSATION - EVIDENCE FOR SELF-REGULATION OF FOOD-INTAKE IN YOUNG-CHILDREN
复制标题
条件性和非条件性热量补偿--幼儿食物摄入量自我调节的证据
DOI：
10.1016/0023-9690(85)90020-7
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
DEYSHER, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BIRCH, LL;DEYSHER, M
这两个实验的目的是确定(a)幼儿在调节食物摄入时是否能对热量密度线索作出反应，(b)这些线索是否能与食物中的感官线索相关联，以及(c)获得证据，证明哪些线索是条件刺激。在实验1中，参与者是18名3到5岁的儿童，他们被观察了一系列成对的条件反射试验，然后是消光测试试验。每个试验包括两部分零食：大约100毫升的布丁（巧克力或香草；高或低热量密度），然后延迟随意食用零食（饼干和薄脆饼干）。在消光试验中，在条件反射过程中，先前与高或低热量密度预负荷配对的口味被呈现为等热量中等密度预负荷。结果表明，在第一对条件反射试验中，18名儿童中有14名出现了无条件的热量补偿；18名儿童中有16名在第二对试验后表现出补偿，16名受试者中有12名在灭绝期间继续表现出这种消耗模式。在灭绝过程中，低热量配对口味的消耗明显大于高热量配对口味。实验2 （N = 10）重复了这些发现，预负荷和零食口味不相关表明预负荷中的风味线索可以作为条件刺激。儿童表现出对热量密度的初始反应和对食物线索对进食生理后果的联想条件反射的证据。这些结果为一种机制提供了初步证据，该机制允许儿童学习预测熟悉食物的热量后果并相应地调节食物摄入。
The purpose of these 2 experiments was to determine (a) whether young children can be responsive to caloric density cues in regulating their food intake, (b) whether such cues can be associatively conditioned to organoleptic cues in foods, and (c) to obtain evidence regarding which of the many cues available are involved as conditioned stimuli. In Experiment 1 participants were eighteen 3- to 5-yr-old children, who were seen for a series of pairs of conditioning trials, followed by extinction test trials. Each trial consisted of a 2-part snack: approximately 100 ml of a pudding preload (chocolate or vanilla; high or low caloric density) followed after a delay ad-lib consumption of snack foods (cookies and crackers). In extinction trials, flavors previously paired with high- or low-caloric density preloads during conditioning were presented in isocaloric intermediate density preloads. Results indicated that 14 of 18 children showed unconditioned caloric compensation on the first pair of conditioning trials; 16 of 18 children showed compensation following the 2nd pair of trials, and 12 of 16 subjects continued to show this consumption pattern during extinction. Consumption was signifcantly greater following the low calorie paired flavor than following the high calorie paired flavor during extinction. Experiment 2 (N = 10) replicated these findings, and uncorrelating preload and snack food flavors indicated that flavor cues in the preloads can serve as conditioned stimuli. Children showed both initial responsiveness to caloric density and evidence for associative conditioning of food cues to the physiological consequences of eating. These results provide initial evidence for a mechanism allowing the child to learn to anticipate the caloric consequences of familiar foods and regulate food intake accordingly.