Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory
Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0801268105
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发表时间：
2008-05-13
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Perrig, Walter J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jaeggi, Susanne M.;Buschkuehl, Martin;Perrig, Walter J.
流体智能（Fluid Intelligence，Gf）是指独立于先前获得的知识进行推理和解决新问题的能力。Gf对各种认知任务都至关重要，它被认为是学习中最重要的因素之一。此外，Gf与专业和教育成功密切相关，特别是在复杂和苛刻的环境中。虽然通过直接练习可以提高Gf测试的表现，但没有证据表明任何其他训练方案会增加成年人的Gf。此外，对认知训练的长期研究表明，尽管训练任务的表现可以显着提高，但这种学习向其他任务的转移仍然很差。在这里，我们提出的证据转移到一个苛刻的工作记忆任务的措施GF的培训。即使训练的任务与智力测试本身完全不同，也会产生这种迁移。此外，我们证明，在智力的增益的程度严重依赖于训练的量：更多的训练，更多的改善Gf。也就是说，训练效果是剂量依赖性的。因此，在许多以前的研究相比，我们得出结论，这是可能的，以提高Gf没有实践的测试任务本身，打开了广泛的应用。
Fluid intelligence (Gf) refers to the ability to reason and to solve new problems independently of previously acquired knowledge. Gf is critical for a wide variety of cognitive tasks, and it is considered one of the most important factors in learning. Moreover, Gf is closely related to professional and educational success, especially in complex and demanding environments. Although performance on tests of Gf can be improved through direct practice on the tests themselves, there is no evidence that training on any other regimen yields increased Gf in adults. Furthermore, there is a long history of research into cognitive training showing that, although performance on trained tasks can increase dramatically, transfer of this learning to other tasks remains poor. Here, we present evidence for transfer from training on a demanding working memory task to measures of Gf. This transfer results even though the trained task is entirely different from the intelligence test itself. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the extent of gain in intelligence critically depends on the amount of training: the more training, the more improvement in Gf. That is, the training effect is dosage-dependent. Thus, in contrast to many previous studies, we conclude that it is possible to improve Gf without practicing the testing tasks themselves, opening a wide range of applications.