Co-benefits of climate mitigation: Counting statistical lives or life-years?
Co-benefits of climate mitigation: Counting statistical lives or life-years?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.03.051
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Andersen, Mikael Skou
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Andersen, Mikael Skou
弥补与空气污染相关的死亡率并计算死亡人数本身已成为一个重要的环境指标，但大西洋两岸在如何考虑这些问题上的分歧使得在气候政策评估中难以找到共同点，其中减少化石燃料空气污染的共同利益将被考虑在内。本文回顾了美国和欧盟政府机构应用的空气污染相关死亡率的量化方法。人口生命表用于探索潜伏期的不确定性和受影响的受害者人数。这些生命表模拟是基于世卫组织对长期暴露相关死亡风险比的共识估计，并表明每年空气污染暴露增加10 ugPM（2.5）/m（3），平均预期寿命损失9-11年。采用共同的经合组织基准值方法，发现欧盟与美国方法相比，与化石燃料有关的空气污染成本低约3倍。(C)2017爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Making up for air pollution related mortality and accounting for the number of deaths has become an important environmental indicator in its own right, but differences across the Atlantic over how to account for these are making it difficult to find common ground in climate policy appraisals, where co-benefits from reducing air pollution of fossil fuels is to be factored in. This article revisits established quantification methodologies for air pollution related mortality applied by government agencies in USA and EU. Demographic lifetables are applied to explore uncertainties over latency periods and the number of affected victims. These lifetable simulations are based on WHO consensus estimates for the mortality risk ratio related to long-term exposures and suggest an average loss of life expectancy of 9-11 years for an annual air pollution exposure increase of 10ugPM(2.5)/m(3). With a common OECD base value approach the air pollution costs related to fossil fuels are found to be about 3 times lower with EU versus US methodology. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.