Rainfall recharge thresholds in a subtropical climate determined using a regional cave drip water monitoring network

Rainfall recharge thresholds in a subtropical climate determined using a regional cave drip water monitoring network
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使用区域洞穴滴水监测网络确定亚热带气候下的降雨补给阈值

DOI:
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125001
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
6.4
通讯作者:
Baker A
Baker A
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Baker A

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量化产生地下水补给所需的气候和水文条件的组合具有挑战性,但对于地下水资源管理至关重要。在这里,我们展示了一种新的非饱和区物理方法,使用区域洞穴滴水监测网络来确定喀斯特降雨补给阈值。对于处于亚热带气候的澳大利亚东部上麦克利山谷和下麦克利山谷的石灰岩,我们在五年的监测期内观察到了 31 个洞穴滴水补给事件。与之前的降水量比较表明,观察到的中值补给阈值为 76 毫米/周降水量(下麦克利)和 79 毫米/周降水量(上麦克利),降水量阈值可能更低(低至 30 毫米/周)。我们使用简单的水收支模型来量化土壤和表层岩溶储水量并测试水文控制的假设。模拟的土壤和表层岩溶储水能力约为 65 毫米(下麦克利)和 80 毫米(上麦克利),证实了观测到的每周降水阈值与土壤和表层岩溶容量之间的对应关系。然而,观测到的和模拟的补给事件之间的差异有助于阐明可能的补给过程,包括绕过土壤和表层岩溶库的集中补给、多个岩溶库之间的溢流和排水以及深度的树木水利用。我们观察到的补给阈值以及模拟的土壤和表层岩溶存储容量与全球范围内一系列缺水环境中估计的补给阈值相当。该方法很容易适用于任何喀斯特地区,滴水记录仪可以安装在靠近地表气候数据的洞穴系统中。
Quantifying the combination of climatic and hydrological conditions required to generate groundwater recharge is challenging, yet of fundamental importance for groundwater resource management. Here we demonstrate a new unsaturated zone physical method of determining rainfall-recharge thresholds in karst using a regional cave drip water monitoring network. For limestones of the Upper and Lower Macleay Valley, eastern Australia, set in a subtropical climate, we observe thirty-one cave drip water recharge events over a five-year monitoring period. Comparison to antecedent precipitation demonstrates a median observed recharge threshold of 76 mm/week precipitation (Lower Macleay) and 79 mm/week precipitation (Upper Macleay), with lower precipitation thresholds (down to 30 mm/week) possible. We use a simple water budget model to quantify soil and epikarst water storage volumes and to test hypotheses of the hydrological controls. Modelled soil and epikarst water storage capacities of about 65 mm (Lower Macleay) and 80 mm (Upper Macleay) confirm a correspondence between observed weekly precipitation thresholds and soil and epikarst capacities. However, discrepancies between observed and simulated recharge events helps elucidate the likely recharge processes including focussed recharge bypassing the soil and epikarst store, overflow and drainage between multiple karst stores, and tree water use from depth. Our observed recharge thresholds and modelled soil and epikarst storage capacities are comparable to recharge thresholds estimated across a range of water-limited environments globally. The method is readily applicable to any karst region where drip loggers can be installed in a cave system in close proximity to surface climate data.
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