Experimental study of European bat lyssavirus type-2 infection in Daubenton's bats (Myotis daubentonii)
Experimental study of European bat lyssavirus type-2 infection in Daubenton's bats (Myotis daubentonii)
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DOI：
10.1099/vir.0.2008/003889-0
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发表时间：
2008-11-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Fooks, Anthony R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson, Nicholas;Vos, Ad;Fooks, Anthony R.
欧洲蝙蝠溶血病毒2型（EBLV-2）可从道本顿蝙蝠传播给人类并引起狂犬病。在英国，EBLV-2已多次从道本顿的蝙蝠中分离出来，但在本地蝙蝠种群中似乎存在较低水平。这促使我们在实验条件下调查其自然宿主的疾病，以评估其毒性、传播和食虫蝙蝠之间可能的传播途径。除直接颅内接种外，皮下接种的7只道本顿蝙蝠中只有1只感染EBLV-2。肌注和鼻内接种均未感染蝙蝠。在研究期间没有接种EBLV-2血清转化的动物。在感染期间，在狂犬病发生前3天证实唾液中有病毒排泄（包括病毒RNA和活病毒）。该病表现为体重逐渐减轻，随后发展为瘫痪，最后死亡。在大脑中检测到的病毒水平最高，在舌头、唾液腺、肾脏、肺和心脏中检测到的病毒基因组RNA水平要低得多。这些观察结果与自然感染的道本顿蝙蝠相似，这是首次在蝙蝠唾液中分离出EBLV-2的文献报道。我们得出结论，EBLV-2最有可能通过浅咬通过唾液传播。
European bat lyssavirus type 2 (EBLV-2) can be transmitted from Daubenton's bats to humans and cause rabies. EBLV-2 has been repeatedly isolated from Daubenton's bats in the UK but appears to be present at a low level within the native bat population. This has prompted us to investigate the disease in its natural host under experimental conditions, to assess its virulence, dissemination and likely means of transmission between insectivorous bats. With the exception of direct intracranial inoculation, only one of seven Daubenton's bats inoculated by subdermal inoculation became infected with EBLV-2. Both intramuscular and intranasal inoculation failed to infect the bats. No animal inoculated with EBLV-2 seroconverted during the study period. During infection, virus excretion in saliva (both viral RNA and live virus) was confirmed up to 3 days before the development of rabies. Disease was manifested as a gradual loss of weight prior to the development of paralysis and then death. The highest levels of virus were measured in the brain, with much lower levels of viral genomic RNA detected in the tongue, salivary glands, kidney, lung and heart. These observations are similar to those made in naturally infected Daubenton's bats and this is the first documented report of isolation of EBLV-2 in bat saliva. We conclude that EBLV-2 is most likely transmitted in saliva by a shallow bite.