Development of local circuits in mammalian visual cortex.
Development of local circuits in mammalian visual cortex.
复制标题
哺乳动物视觉皮层局部回路的发育。
DOI：
10.1146/annurev.ne.15.030192.000335
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发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
13.9
通讯作者：
Callaway,EM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Katz,LC;Callaway,EM
哺乳动物大脑皮层中的大多数突触是局部电路的组成部分。这些局部或内在的连接不仅在数字方面占主导地位，而且此类突触直接负责生成传递感觉数据和引发行为的神经元代码。在哺乳动物的初级视觉皮层中，局部电路在垂直和水平维度上的精确排列对于皮层神经元的基本特性（例如检测视觉刺激的运动方向和方向）至关重要。因此，局部连接的精细化可能是具有计算能力的神经回路出现的关键因素。尽管局部回路在神经元处理中发挥着核心作用，但直到最近，仍有几个因素共同限制了对发育过程中局部兴奋性和抑制性互连如何精确出现的深入了解。首先，许多大脑区域的内在回路模式要么是未知的，要么只是粗略地了解，这极大地阻碍了发育研究的解释。其次，用于阐明局部回路的技术是有限的，因为它们几乎完全依赖于高尔基体染色。近年来，技术的进步提高了我们对成人局部回路的理解，并为局部回路发展的详细研究提供了强大的工具。这些研究特别
Most of the synapses in the mammalian cerebral cortex are components of local circuits. Not only do these local, or intrinsic, connections dominate in numerical terms, but such synapses are directly responsible for gen ญ erating neuronal codes that convey sensory data and elicit behavior. In the mammalian primary visual cortex, the precise arrangement of local circuits in both vertical and horizontal dimensions is crucial for such fundamental properties of cortical neurons as detecting the orientation and direction of movement of visual stimuli. The elaboration of local connections, therefore, is probably a key factor in the emergence of com ญ putationally competent neural circuits. Despite the central role of local circuits in neuronal processing, until recently several factors conspired to limit insight into how precise local excitatory and inhibitory interconnections emerge during development. First, the patterns of intrinsic circuitry in many brain areas were either unknown or known only in crude outline, which greatly hindered interpre ญ tation of developmental studies. Second, techniques used to elucidate local circuits were limited, as they relied almost exclusively on Golgi staining. In recent years, advances in techniques have improved our understanding of adult local circuits and have provided powerful tools for detailed inves ญ tigations of local circuit development. These studies have been particularly