Perfluorinated compounds in coastal waters of Hong Kong, South China, and Korea
Perfluorinated compounds in coastal waters of Hong Kong, South China, and Korea
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DOI：
10.1021/es049441z
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发表时间：
2004-08-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Lam, PKS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
So, MK;Taniyasu, S;Lam, PKS
全氟化合物（PFC），如全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和相关化合物，最近已在环境中被确定。全氟辛烷磺酸是许多全氟辛烷磺酸的最终降解产物，已在全球许多野生物种以及公海沃茨中发现，甚至在远离污染源的偏远地区也是如此。在这项研究中，使用固相萃取程序结合高效液相色谱法与高分辨率质谱法相结合来分离、识别和量化海水中低浓度的PFCs。这些技术被应用于调查在亚洲的几个工业化地区的PFCs的本地来源，并提供有关PFCs是如何通过沿岸流循环的信息。香港、珠江三角洲（包括南海）和韩国沿海海水中全氟辛烷磺酸的浓度范围分别为0.09-3.1、0.02-12和0.04-730皮克/毫升，而全氟辛酸的浓度范围分别为0.73-5.5、0.24-16和0.24-320皮克/毫升。全氟化学品的潜在来源包括沿着中国南方珠江三角洲的主要工业区和韩国的主要城市，这些地区是世界上几个发展最快的工业和经济地区。中国南方沃茨中的全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸的可检测浓度与日本和韩国某些地区沿海海洋环境中的浓度相似。在韩国沃茨的几个地点的全氟化碳浓度比我们在这里报告的其他地点的浓度高10-100倍。珠江三角洲和南海表层海水中PFC浓度的空间和季节变化表明珠江的排放对中国南方PFC污染的规模和程度有很大的影响。除韩国靠近工业化地区的一个地点外，所有地点的全氟辛烷磺酸浓度均低于预期对水生生物或其捕食者造成不利影响的浓度。危险品来自
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), such as perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and related compounds, have recently been identified in the environment. PFOS, the terminal degradation product of many of the PFCs, has been found globally in many wildlife species, as well as open ocean waters, even in remote regions far from sources. In this study, a solid-phase extraction procedure coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography interfaced to high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to isolate, identify, and quantify small concentrations of PFCs in seawater. These techniques were applied to investigate the local sources of PFCs in several industrialized areas of Asia and provide information on how the PFCs are circulated by coastal currents. Ranges of concentrations of PFOS in coastal seawaters of Hong Kong, the Pearl River Delta, including the South China Sea, and Korea were 0.09-3.1, 0.02-12, and 0.04-730 pg/mL, respectively, while those of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were 0.73-5.5, 0.24-16, and 0.24-320 pg/mL, respectively. Potential sources of PFCs include major industrialized areas along the Pearl River Delta of southern China and major cities of Korea, which are several of the fastest growing industrial and economic regions in the world. Detectable concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in waters of southern China were similar to those in the coastal marine environment of Japan and certain regions in Korea. Concentrations of PFCs in several locations in Korean waters were 10-100-fold greater than those in the other locations on which we report here. The spatial and seasonal variations in PFC concentrations in surface seawaters in the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea indicate the strong influence of the Pearl River discharge on the magnitude and extent of PFC contamination in southern China. All of the concentrations of PFOS were less than those that would be expected to cause adverse effects to aquatic organisms or their predators except for one location in Korea adjacent to an industrialized area. Hazard quotients were from