The influence of working memory on visual search for emotional facial expressions.
The influence of working memory on visual search for emotional facial expressions.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0037295
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发表时间：
2014-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jun Moriya;E. Koster;R. de Raedt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jun Moriya;E. Koster;R. de Raedt
在视觉搜索任务中，与被愤怒面孔包围的快乐面孔相比，被快乐面孔包围的愤怒面孔被更快地检测到。这被称为愤怒优越感效应。愤怒优势效应主要与自动注意效应有关，但自上而下机制也可能影响这一效应。在一系列研究中，我们考察了工作记忆中持有情绪信息对愤怒优越感效应的影响。在多个实验中，参与者通常比发现有愤怒干扰物的快乐目标更快地找到有快乐干扰物的愤怒目标。然而，在工作记忆中，当持有愤怒信息时，这种愤怒优越感效应被减弱，而当持有快乐信息时，这种效应仍然被观察到。当参与者除了记住情绪刺激的颜色外，没有记住其他情绪信息时，没有观察到这些影响。数据表明，当分心表情与工作记忆的内容相匹配时，可以观察到对分心面部表情的增强处理，这有助于目标检测。然而，当WM和干扰面孔的内容不同时，干扰面孔的加工和对目标面孔的检测被延迟。这些结果表明，愤怒优势效应受工作记忆自上而下效应的调节，工作记忆内容与面部表情知觉之间的交互作用决定了愤怒优势效应的增强或减弱。
In visual search tasks, an angry face surrounded by happy faces is more rapidly detected compared with a happy face surrounded by angry faces. This is called the anger superiority effect. The anger superiority effect has been mainly related to automatic attentional effects, but top-down mechanisms may also influence this effect. In a series of studies, we investigated the influence of holding emotional information in working memory (WM) on the anger superiority effect. In multiple experiments, participants were generally faster to find an angry target with happy distractors compared to a happy target with angry distractors. However, this anger superiority effect was diminished when holding angry information in WM, whereas the effect was still observed when holding happy information. These effects were not observed when participants did not remember emotional information other than the color of the emotional stimuli. The data indicate that enhanced processing of distractor facial expressions was observed when they matched the content of WM, facilitating target detection. However, when the contents of WM and distractor faces differed, the processing of distractor faces and detection of a target face were delayed. These results suggest that the anger superiority effect is modulated by top-down effects of WM and that interactions between contents of WM and perception of facial expressions determine the enhancement or reduction of the anger superiority effect.